Table 6.
Characteristics of the various isoflavone powder made by different drying methods.
| Drying method | Carrier | Carrier content (%) | Color | Powder weight (g) |
Water content (%) | Isoflavone content (μg/g) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spray-drying | Gelatin | 10 | Light yellow | 3.6 | 6.5 | 10,009 |
| Maltodextrin | 40 | Light yellow | 7.9 | 6.1 | 1,887 | |
| Sodium Alginate | 1 | Light yellow | 1.9 | 6.9 | 23,847 | |
| Freeze-drying | Sodium Alginate | 1 | Yellow to white | 6.6 | 9.1 | 43,423 |
| H-γ-PGA (Na) A | 0.570 | Light yellow | 8.4 | 14.0 | 43,565 | |
| H-γ-PGA (Na) | 0.280 | Light yellow | 7.8 | 14.8 | 46,325 | |
| H-γ-PGA (Na) | 0.140 | Light yellow | 7.9 | 16.1 | 46,695 | |
| H-γ-PGA (Na) | 0.028 | Light yellow | 7.9 | 17.5 | 47,873 | |
| H-γ-PGA (Na) | 0.014 | Light yellow | 7.6 | 16.7 | 48,204 | |
| H-γ-PGA (Na) | 0.003 | Light yellow | 7.5 | 17.9 | 48,144 | |
| L-γ-PGA (Na)B | 0.570 | Light yellow | 8.4 | 13.2 | 42,083 | |
| L-γ-PGA (Na) | 0.280 | Light yellow | 8.1 | 14.7 | 45,715 | |
| L-γ-PGA (Na) | 0.140 | Light yellow | 7.7 | 15.9 | 46,564 | |
| L-γ-PGA (Na) | 0.028 | Light yellow | 7.1 | 17.1 | 47,993 | |
| L-γ-PGA (Na) | 0.014 | Light yellow | 7.5 | 17.4 | 47,245 | |
| L-γ-PGA (Na) | 0.003 | Light yellow | 7.7 | 17.9 | 48,155 | |
| Vacuum-drying | Sodium Alginate | 1 | Yellow | 5.3 | 4.4 | 38,601 |
| Sodium Alginate | 0.40 | Yellow | 4.9 | 4.5 | 49,041 | |
| Sodium Alginate | 0.20 | Yellow | 4.7 | 4.6 | 50,227 | |
| Sodium Alginate | 0.04 | Yellow | 4.6 | 4.9 | 54,517 | |
| H-γ-PGA (Na) | 0.10 | Yellow | 5.4 | 5.7 | 51,564 | |
| H-γ-PGA (Na) | 0.05 | Yellow | 5.2 | 5.8 | 54,922 | |
| H-γ-PGA (Na) | 0.01 | Yellow | 5.2 | 5.8 | 57,441 | |
| L-γ-PGA (Na) | 0.10 | Yellow | 5.6 | 5.4 | 52,542 | |
| L-γ-PGA (Na) | 0.05 | Yellow | 5.3 | 5.6 | 54,098 | |
| L-γ-PGA (Na) | 0.01 | Yellow | 5.3 | 5.5 | 57,130 |
A γ-PGA (Na) with high molecular weight. Bγ-PGA (Na) with low molecular weight.