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. 2017 Dec 15;22(12):2241. doi: 10.3390/molecules22122241

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© 2017 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) activity analysis using crude protein extracts from pooled fresh leaves. (a,b) HPLC profiles show the formation of (−)-catechin [(−)-Ca] and (−)-epicatechin [(−)-EC] produced from incubations of cyanidin with crude ANR extracts (a) but not boiled ones (b). (c,d) HPLC profiles show the formation of (−)-gallocatechin [(−)-GC] and (−)-epigallocatechin [(−)-ECG] produced from incubations of delphinidin with crude ANR extracts (c) but not from boiled ones (d). (e) four positive standards separated with the same conditions used in (a–d). (f,g,h) normal phase chiral column based profiles of (−)-EC from incubation of crude ANR extract with cyanidin (f), purified (−)-EC (g), and (−)-EC standard (h).