Table 2.

Characteristics of different extraction techniques.

Technique	Core Technology	Extraction Time	Extraction Efficiency	Operation	Automation	Cost	Refs.
HRE	Heating	Long	High	Simple	Difficulty	Low	[47]
SE	Mechanical force	Long	Moderate	Simple	Difficulty	Low	[116]
Soxhlet	Soxhlet extractor	Long	High	Moderate	Possible	Low	[57]
UE/UAE	Ultrasound	Moderate	High	Simple	Difficulty	Moderate	[47]
MAE	Microwave	Short	Moderate	Simple	Difficulty	Moderate	[47]
STE	Mechanical shear power	Short	High	Simple	Possible	High	[94]
HD	Heating	Long	Low	Simple	Difficulty	Low	[29]
SDE	SDE apparatus	Long	High	Simple	Difficulty	Low	[116]
HS-SPME	SPME device	Short	High	Simple	Easy	High	[117]