Table 3.

Yield of different extraction methods in Gentiana species.

Species	Parts	Extraction Method	Yield %	Time	Solvent	Refs.
Essential Oil
G. lutea	Flowers	HD	2.70 *	4 h	Water	[108]
	Leaves		1.15 *
G. punctata	Flowers		1.65 *
	Leaves		4.2 *
G. asclepiadea	Flowers		1.9 *
	Leaves		6.95 *
	Underground	Soxhlet	0.3 #	12 h	Methanol	[29]
	Aerial part		1.1 #
G. nubigenan	Flowers	Soke + HRE	0.9 #	9 h	Water	[88]
G. lutea	Roots	HD	2.70 *	2 h	Water	[109]
Non-Volatile Components
G. lutea ssp. symphyandra	Roots	Soak	49.4 *	/	Ethanol	[81]
G. cruciata	Aerial parts and Roots	Soak + stir	25 *	24 h (3 times)	Methanol	[102]
G. olivieri	Flower and Aerial parts	Soak + UE	/	150 min	methanol	[91]
G. piasezkii	Whole plant	HRE	10.75 *	60 min	80% methanol	[84]
		Soxhlet	49 *	4 h	methanol	[81]
		UE	5.71~28.05 *	30 min	Methanol	[63]
G. lutea ssp. symphyandra	Roots	UE	35.2 *	45 min	Methanol	[11]
G. crassicaulis	/	MAE	29.4 *	3.39 min	57.5% methanol	[53]
Polysaccharide
G. scabra	/	STE	15.03 *	2.17 min	Water	[94]
		HRE	11.12 *	3 h
		UAE	10.41 *	60 min
		MAE	12.56 *	4 min
		HRE	13.0 *	3 h		[128]

*: % of fresh weight; #: % of dry weight.