Table 3.
Species | Parts | Extraction Method | Yield % | Time | Solvent | Refs. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Essential Oil | ||||||
G. lutea | Flowers | HD | 2.70 * | 4 h | Water | [108] |
Leaves | 1.15 * | |||||
G. punctata | Flowers | 1.65 * | ||||
Leaves | 4.2 * | |||||
G. asclepiadea | Flowers | 1.9 * | ||||
Leaves | 6.95 * | |||||
Underground | Soxhlet | 0.3 # | 12 h | Methanol | [29] | |
Aerial part | 1.1 # | |||||
G. nubigenan | Flowers | Soke + HRE | 0.9 # | 9 h | Water | [88] |
G. lutea | Roots | HD | 2.70 * | 2 h | Water | [109] |
Non-Volatile Components | ||||||
G. lutea ssp. symphyandra | Roots | Soak | 49.4 * | / | Ethanol | [81] |
G. cruciata | Aerial parts and Roots | Soak + stir | 25 * | 24 h (3 times) | Methanol | [102] |
G. olivieri | Flower and Aerial parts | Soak + UE | / | 150 min | methanol | [91] |
G. piasezkii | Whole plant | HRE | 10.75 * | 60 min | 80% methanol | [84] |
Soxhlet | 49 * | 4 h | methanol | [81] | ||
UE | 5.71~28.05 * | 30 min | Methanol | [63] | ||
G. lutea ssp. symphyandra | Roots | UE | 35.2 * | 45 min | Methanol | [11] |
G. crassicaulis | / | MAE | 29.4 * | 3.39 min | 57.5% methanol | [53] |
Polysaccharide | ||||||
G. scabra | / | STE | 15.03 * | 2.17 min | Water | [94] |
HRE | 11.12 * | 3 h | ||||
UAE | 10.41 * | 60 min | ||||
MAE | 12.56 * | 4 min | ||||
HRE | 13.0 * | 3 h | [128] |
*: % of fresh weight; #: % of dry weight.