Table 1.
The association between sample characteristics and distribution of cytokine levels at T0
| Variables | n | IL-1β, mean (SD) | P-valuea | IL-1RA, mean (SD) | P-value | MCP-1, mean (SD) | P-value | TNF-α, mean (SD) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | |||||||||
| Female | 87 | 0.121 (0.032) | 0.698 | 33.894 (2.913) | 0.728 | 23.488 (1.900) | 0.046 | 2.287 (0.548) | 0.487 |
| Male | 36 | 0.153 (0.052) | 37.971 (5.821) | 31.735 (3.997) | 2.581 (1.254) | ||||
| Age | |||||||||
| 18–29 | 25 | 0.124 (0.045) | 0.537 | 27.822 (4.104) | 0.256 | 28.716 (4.310) | 0.599 | 1.358 (1.358) | 0.394 |
| 30–49 | 62 | 0.151 (0.045) | 36.567 (3.757) | 23.639 (2.164) | 2.331 (0.830) | ||||
| 50–66 | 36 | 0.145 (0.042) | 37.585 (5.735) | 27.844 (3.920) | 3.152 (1.071) | ||||
| GSI | |||||||||
| Under 0.85 | 25 | 0.091 (0.030) | 0.554 | 34.643 (6.336) | 0.945 | 29.084 (4.673) | 0.642 | 2.062 (0.904) | 0.935 |
| Above 0.85 | 98 | 0.157 (0.033) | 35.200 (2.946) | 25.090 (1.931) | 2.453 (0.627) | ||||
| Anti-inflammatory drugs | |||||||||
| No | 104 | 0.123 (0.026) | 0.038 | 36.425 (3.088) | 0.687 | 25.701 (1.981) | 0.732 | 2.160 (0.557) | 0.062 |
| Yes | 19 | 0.255 (0.101) | 27.766 (3.083) | 27.002 (4.459) | 3.541 (1.606) | ||||
| Antidepressants | |||||||||
| No | 83 | 0.137 (0.0287) | 0.490 | 33.598 (2.862) | 0.602 | 27.660 (2.356) | 0.121 | 2.840 (0.716) | 0.276 |
| Yes | 40 | 0.157 (0.059) | 38.179 (5.678) | 22.253 (2.570) | 1.405 (0.666) | ||||
| PTSD diagnosis | |||||||||
| No | 69 | 0.101 (0.021) | 0.524 | 31.691 (3.046) | 0.074 | 26.065 (2.106) | 0.613 | 2.221 (0.749) | 0.492 |
| Yes | 39 | 0.213 (0.069) | 41.563 (5.481) | 24.847 (3.162) | 3.251 (1.007) | ||||
Notes:
a
P-values for dichotomous variables calculated with the Mann–Whitney U test. P-values for age variable calculated with the Kruskal–Wallis equality-of-populations rank test. Statistically significant P-value <0.05 shown in bold.
Abbreviations: GSI, Global Severity Index; PTSD, posttraumatic stress disorder.