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The effects of steppogenin (1) on the mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (A), interleukin (IL)-1β (B), IL-12 (C), and IL-6 (D) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 microglial cells. (A–D) The cells were pretreated for 3 h with the indicated concentrations of 1 and then stimulated for 12 h with LPS (1 μg/mL). The data are presented as the mean ± SD of three experiments. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001 compared with the LPS-treated group.
