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. 2017 Dec 11;22(12):2198. doi: 10.3390/molecules22122198

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© 2017 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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In vitro permeation of Citrus junos callus extract-loaded NLs across artificial skin (Skin PAMPA) and a human epidermal layer. (a) Effective permeability values of the callus extract or callus extract-loaded NLs through Skin PAMPA; (b) time-course of cumulative permeated concentrations of p-hydroxycinnamoylmalic acid from callus extract solution or callus extract-loaded NLs (CC-NL#4) through human epidermis layer. Values are mean ± standard deviation (n = 6 per group). * p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001 compared with the Citrus junos callus extract.