Table 2.
Extracellular matrix and matrix-modifying gene polymorphisms associated with intervertebral disc degeneration.
| Protein (Gene) | Disc degeneration or pain | Increase in pathology, or protective | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Collagen IX (COL9A2) | Disc degeneration and radicular pain | Increase | Annunen et al, Seki et al and Knoeringer et al28, 29, 30 |
| Collagen IX (COL9A3) | Disc degeneration | Increase | Paassilta et al and Toktas et al31, 32 |
| Collagen XI (COL11A1) | Disc degeneration | Increase | Mio et al33 |
| Collagen XI (COL11A2) | Disc degeneration | Protective | Noponen-Hietala et al34 |
| Collagen I (COL1A1) | Disc degeneration and osteoporosis | Increase | Toktas et al and Pluijm et al32, 35 |
| Aggrecan (ACAN) | Disc degeneration | Increase with short variable number of tandem repeats | Solovieva et al and Kawaguchi et al36, 37 |
| Cartilage intermediate layer protein (CILP) | Disc degeneration | Increase | Seki et al38 |
| Asporin (ASPN) | Disc degeneration | Increase | Song et al39 |
| Thrombospondin2 (THBS2) | Disc Herniation | Increase | Hirose et al40 |
| Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) | Disc degeneration and osteoporosis | Increase | Toktas et al, Videman et al and Kawaguchi et al32, 41, 42 |
| Carbohydrate sulfotransferase 3 (CHST3) | Disc degeneration | Increase | Song et al43 |
| Growth Differentiation Factor 5 (GDF5) | Disc degeneration | Increase | Williams et al and Mu et al44, 45 |