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. 2016 Apr 23;3(3):171–177. doi: 10.1016/j.gendis.2016.04.006

Table 3.

Polymorphism of genes encoding extracellular matrix-degrading enzymes and inflammatory mediators associated with intervertebral disc degeneration.

Protein (Gene) Disc degeneration or pain Increase in pathology, or protective References
Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP3) Disc degeneration and Modic changes Increase Karppinen et al48
Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP9) Disc herniation Increase Hirose et al40
Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL1RN) Disc degeneration and back pain Increase Solovieva et al49, 50
Interleukin-1α (IL-1A) Disc degeneration and back pain Increase Solovieva et al49, 50
Interleukin-1β (IL-1B) Disc degeneration and back pain Increase Solovieva et al49, 50
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) Disc degeneration and radicular pain Increase Noponen-Hietala et al51
Cyclooxygenase-2 (PTGS2) Failure of NSAID analgesia Skarke et al52