Table 3.
Multilevel logistic random intercept model for having had a Pap test in the 3 years prior to interview (Italy, 2012 – 2013)
| Variable | Adjusted OR | 95% CI |
| Individual | ||
| Age group (years) | ||
| 25–34 | 1 | |
| 35–44 | 1.45 | 1.33 to 1.56 |
| 45–54 | 1.89 | 1.75 to 2.04 |
| 55–64 | 0.99 | 0.92 to 1.08 |
| Citizenship | ||
| Foreign national | 1 | |
| Italian | 1.69 | 1.54 to 1.85 |
| Educational level | ||
| Compulsory education | 1 | |
| School-leaving certificate | 1.12 | 1.05 to 1.19 |
| Degree | 1.16 | 1.08 to 1.27 |
| Perceived economic resources | ||
| Scarce, absolutely insufficient | 1 | |
| Excellent, adequate | 1.25 | 1.18 to 1.32 |
| Occupation | ||
| Unemployed | 1 | |
| Executive, entrepreneur, freelance professional | 1.08 | 0.87 to 1.32 |
| Office worker | 1.35 | 1.16 to 1.54 |
| Workman, apprentice, other | 1.18 | 1.05 to 1.32 |
| Independent businessman, homecare assistant, cooperative member | 1.15 | 1.06 to 1.23 |
| Contract worker | 1.28 | 1.19 to 1.37 |
| Reasons hampering pursuit of hobbies or interests | ||
| Other reasons | 1 | |
| Too busy | 1.19 | 1.12 to 1.27 |
| Smoking habits | ||
| Non-smoker | 1 | |
| Former smoker | 1.37 | 1.28 to 1.45 |
| Smoker | 1.08 | 1.01 to 1.15 |
| Physical activity | ||
| No | 1 | |
| Yes | 1.16 | 1.10 to 1.22 |
| Weight control | ||
| Rarely or never | 1 | |
| Periodically | 1.25 | 1.19 to 1.32 |
| Preventive medical examinations in the preceding 4 weeks | ||
| No examination | 1 | |
| Other reasons | 1.43 | 1.33 to 1.52 |
| Preventive examination | 1.75 | 1.59 to 1.92 |
| General prevention medical tests | ||
| No test | 1 | |
| 1 or 2 tests | 1.41 | 1.25 to 1.61 |
| All tests | 1.85 | 1.72 to 2.00 |
| Use of complementary medicine | ||
| Never used or more than 3 years ago | 1 | |
| At least once in the last 3 years | 1.41 | 1.30 to 1.54 |
| Contextual | ||
| Invitation coverage in the period 2011–2013 | ||
| Within the median | 1 | |
| Above the median | 2.12 | 1.43 to 3.13 |
| Random effect | |||
| Estimate | SE | P values | |
| αi, regions | 0.209 | 0.066 | <0.01 |
| Intraclass correlation coefficient (ρ) |
0.06 | ||