Table 2.
Dietary recall and activity prior to visit, biomarker AUC, visit activity, and energy intake comparison by condition
| Variable | SIT | SIT + WALK | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total 24-h diet recall | |||
| Total energy intake (kcal/day) | 1,951.3 (651.6) | 2,047.5 (570.0) | 0.413 |
| Carbohydrate intake (%)1 | 52.7 (9.3) | 51.9 (7.9) | 0.697 |
| Fat intake (%)1 | 33.1 (8.5) | 32.5 (7.5) | 0.766 |
| Protein intake (%)1 | 14.1 (4.2) | 15.6 (4.5) | 0.051 |
| Wrist accelerometry (week prior to testing) | |||
| Number of valid days of data | 6.9 (2.2) | 6.6 (2.4) | 0.982 |
| Wear time (h/day) | 22.1 (2.0) | 22.2 (1.6) | 0.988 |
| Daily activity (3-D counts/day × 10−6) | 3.2 (0.61) | 3.20 (0.59) | 0.606 |
| Total sleep time (h/night) | 7.5 (0.7) | 7.6 (0.7) | 0.146 |
| Sleep efficiency (%) | 86.7 (4.0) | 86.5 (4.7) | 0.850 |
| Metabolic outcomes from OGTT | |||
| Insulin AUC (mIU/dL ∙ min)2,3 | 21,145.9 (18,280.7) | 16,629.9 (17,563.0) | <0.001 |
| C-peptide AUC (ng/dL ∙ min)2,3 | 14,778.5 (900.9) | 1,205.7 (527.8) | 0.001 |
| Glucose AUC (mg/dL ∙ min)2,3 | 21,587.7 (2,215.5) | 21,106.5 (2,630.4) | 0.143 |
| FFA AUC (mEq/L ∙ min)2,3 | 34.6 (11.0) | 31.1 (11.4) | 0.074 |
| Cortisol AUC (µg/dL ∙ min)2,3 | 1,165.0 (229.2) | 1,175.6 (292.0) | 0.973 |
| Triglycerides AUC (mg/dL ∙ min)2,3,4 | 16,033.6 (10,580.3) | 15,969.0 (8,857.3) | 0.442 |
| Matsuda index of insulin sensitivity3 | 3.64 (2.18) | 4.26 (2.51) | 0.013 |
| GE index3 | 4.04 (1.0) | 3.99 (1.02) | 0.124 |
| Catecholamines during OGTT (pg/dL)5 | |||
| Norepinephrine baseline3 | 255.0 (65.9) | 243.7 (75.9) | 0.527 |
| Norepinephrine at 30 min3 | 268.6 (62.1) | 401.4 (128.4) | <0.001 |
| Epinephrine baseline3 | 32.9 (17.3) | 34.6 (16.4) | 0.591 |
| Epinephrine at 30 min3 | 26.0 (10.1) | 33.7 (25.3) | 0.283 |
| Dopamine baseline | 25.9 (3.9) | 25.2 (0.64) | 0.384 |
| Dopamine at 30 min | 25.8 (2.6) | 25.6 (2.9) | 0.779 |
| Buffet energy intake after OGTT | |||
| Total energy intake (kcal) | 1,261.9 (480.4) | 1,259.6 (474.9) | 0.890 |
| Carbohydrate intake (%)1 | 49.7 (9.4) | 49.2 (8.4) | 0.383 |
| Fat intake (%)1 | 38.2 (7.7) | 38.7 (6.7) | 0.379 |
| Protein intake (%)1 | 12.1 (2.9) | 12.2 (2.9) | 0.558 |
Data are mean (SD). P value determined with repeated-measures ANOVA controlling for randomization order, age, sex, fat mass, and puberty stage. n = 32–35 unless noted. Boldface type indicates significant P values.
1Arcsine (square root) transformed for analysis.
2AUC by trapezoidal rule.
3Log transformed for analysis.
4Additionally controlled for race.
5n = 24.