Table 3.

Results from six separate mixed models predicting change in substrate/hormone concentrations over time by visit type: sitting interrupted with 3 min of moderate-intensity walking every half hour (SIT + WALK) or uninterrupted sitting (SIT)

Variable	Insulin1				C-peptide1				Glucose1
	Estimate	SE	F2	P	Estimate	SE	F2	P	Estimate	SE	F2	P
Intercept	1.533	0.251	6.12	<0.001	0.539	0.121	4.46	<0.001	1.8191	0.072	25.42	<0.001
Age (years)	−0.052	0.028	3.51	0.062	−0.017	0.0133	1.67	0.198	−0.013	0.005	5.51	0.020
Sex (reference = male)	−0.075	0.070	1.15	0.284	−0.055	0.033	2.79	0.096	−0.020	0.012	2.51	0.113
Tanner stage 2 (reference = 1)	0.128	0.077	1.66	0.097	0.057	0.037	1.57	0.117	0.020	0.014	1.48	0.140
Tanner stage 3 (reference = 1)	0.254	0.102	2.49	0.013	0.066	0.048	1.36	0.175	0.023	0.019	1.23	0.221
Tanner stage 4 (reference = 1)	0.240	0.1557	1.54	0.124	0.071	0.074	0.95	0.341	0.017	0.025	0.67	0.504
Total fat mass (kg)	0.019	0.004	25.16	<0.0001	0.010	0.002	28.73	<0.0001	0.001	0.001	2.61	0.107
Fasting concentration3	0.004	0.001	17.96	<0.001	0.052	0.009	29.63	<0.0001	0.003	0.001	14.59	<0.001
Randomization order (reference = SIT)	0.034	0.059	0.34	0.562	0.007	0.028	0.060	0.803	0.027	0.010	6.60	0.011
Time			135.08	0.001			186.32	<0.0001			80.86	<0.0001
Visit type (reference = SIT)	−0.146	0.053	18.60	<0.001	−0.066	0.028	16.79	<0.0001	−0.024	0.014	2.100	0.148
Time × visit type			2.80	0.007			2.26	0.029			0.750	0.632
0 min	−0.066	0.053	−1.24	0.215	−0.016	0.029	−0.55	0.5830	0.002	0.014	0.16	0.873
20 min	−0.013	0.055	−0.24	0.812	−0.024	0.030	−0.78	0.438	−0.003	0.015	−0.22	0.823
30 min	0.068	0.053	1.27	0.205	0.068	0.028	2.39	0.017	0.022	0.014	1.55	0.121
60 min	0.146	0.054	2.69	0.007	0.061	0.029	2.09	0.037	0.008	0.014	0.58	0.560
90 min	0.161	0.054	3.00	0.003	0.085	0.029	2.95	0.003	0.006	0.014	0.43	0.665
120 min	0.044	0.053	0.83	0.408	0.015	0.029	0.53	0.595	−0.013	0.014	−0.91	0.365
150 min	0.177	0.053	3.36	<0.001	0.083	0.029	2.89	0.004	0.013	0.014	0.89	0.373
180 min	0.146	0.053	2.72	0.007	0.066	0.028	2.32	0.021	0.024	0.014	1.66	0.097
	FFAs1				Triglycerides1				Cortisol1
	Estimate	SE	F2	P	Estimate	SE	F2	P	Estimate	SE	F2	P
Intercept	−1.35	0.165	−8.20	<0.001	1.485	0.140	10.65	<0.001	0.842	0.130	6.47	<0.001
Age (years)	−0.012	0.017	0.52	0.470	0.008	0.015	0.30	0.5860	−0.026	0.014	3.80	0.052
Sex (reference = male)	0.033	0.041	0.65	0.421	−0.035	0.043	0.66	0.4164	0.011	0.032	0.12	0.730
Tanner stage 2 (reference = 1)	−0.019	0.044	−0.44	0.663	−0.035	0.049	−0.72	0.474	−0.022	0.036	−0.62	0.536
Tanner stage 3 (reference = 1)	0.002	0.060	0.03	0.987	−0.067	0.063	−1.07	0.287	0.027	0.048	0.57	0.567
Tanner stage 4 (reference = 1)	0.064	0.082	0.78	0.435	0.035	0.088	0.40	0.689	0.015	0.065	0.24	0.813
Total fat mass (kg)	<0.001	0.003	0.12	0.734	0.002	0.002	0.84	0.3587	<0.001	0.002	0.02	0.901
Fasting concentration3	0.397	0.055	51.63	<0.001	0.002	<0.001	266.79	<0.0001	0.010	0.003	13.72	<0.001
Randomization order (reference = SIT)	0.023	0.034	0.47	0.492	0.040	0.037	1.16	0.2810	0.014	0.027	0.28	0.597
Time			366.71	<0.001			18.70	<0.0001			31.55	<0.001
Visit type (reference = SIT)	0.085	0.040	0.07	0.7892	0.027	0.0201	14.94	0.0001	0.013	0.036	0.63	0.429
Time × visit type			1.30	0.246			0.94	0.475			0.54	0.803
0 min	0.001	0.040	0.24	0.814	0.006	0.020	0.31	0.759	0.042	0.036	1.19	0.236
20 min	−0.007	0.042	−0.16	0.875	−0.003	0.021	−0.16	0.872	−0.024	0.037	−0.64	0.525
30 min	0.065	0.040	1.62	0.106	−0.053	0.020	−2.59	0.010	−0.008	0.036	−0.22	0.825
60 min	0.048	0.040	1.20	0.230	−0.037	0.020	−1.84	0.066	−0.049	0.036	−1.39	0.165
90 min	0.025	0.040	0.61	0.539	−0.036	0.020	−1.79	0.075	−0.020	0.036	−0.55	0.581
120 min	−0.009	0.040	−0.23	0.821	−0.040	0.020	−1.99	0.047	−0.014	0.036	−0.40	0.693
150 min	−0.015	0.040	−0.38	0.705	−0.035	0.020	−1.75	0.081	0.004	0.036	0.11	0.912
180 min	−0.085	0.040	−2.11	0.035	−0.027	0.020	−1.34	0.180	−0.012	0.036	−0.35	0.724

Boldface type indicates significant P values.

¹Log-transformed AUC.

²The t value for intercept and time × visit type interactions (random effects).

³Fasting concentration for each respective hormone.