Table 3.
Hazard ratios (95% CIs) of diabetes by intervention group*
| MedDiet with VOO vs. control diet | MedDiet with nuts vs. control diet | Both MedDiets vs. control diet | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Original multivariate-adjusted model† | 0.49 (0.25–0.97) | 0.48 (0.24–0.96) | 0.48 (0.27–0.86) |
| New multivariate-adjusted model†§ | 0.47 (0.23–0.97) | 0.47 (0.23–0.98) | 0.47 (0.26–0.87) |
| Sexठ| |||
| Male | 0.45 (0.13–1.53) | 0.75 (0.23–2.49) | 0.57 (0.20–1.60) |
| Female | 0.47 (0.18–1.20) | 0.27 (0.09–0.83) | 0.37 (0.16–0.87) |
| Age (years)ठ| |||
| ≤67 | 0.51 (0.18–1.41) | 0.59 (0.23–1.51) | 0.55 (0.24–1.26) |
| >67 | 0.25 (0.07–0.88) | 0.36 (0.10–1.34) | 0.29 (0.10–0.88) |
| BMI (kg/m2)ठ| |||
| ≤30 | 0.67 (0.24–1.88) | 0.53 (0.19–1.50) | 0.59 (0.25–1.40) |
| >30 | 0.41 (0.14–1.25) | 0.68 (0.23–1.97) | 0.53 (0.21–1.32) |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/L)ठ| |||
| ≤6.1 | 0.53 (0.18–1.50) | 0.61 (0.23–1.58) | 0.57 (0.24–1.33) |
| >6.1 | 0.23 (0.07–0.79) | 0.36 (0.10–1.29) | 0.28 (0.09–0.86) |
Cox regression models to assess the relative risk of diabetes by allocation group, estimating the hazard ratios and their 95% CIs were performed.
Adjusted for baseline energy intake, BMI, waist circumference, physical activity, smoking status, fasting serum glucose, use of lipid-lowering drugs, Mediterranean diet score, and weight change during the study.
Adjusted for the same variables as †, except the variable of interest.
Excluding 2n nonrandomized partners. P for interaction (MedDiet * sex): 0.382; P for interaction (MedDiet * age): 0.218; P for interaction (MedDiet * BMI): 0.729; P for interaction (MedDiet * fasting glucose): 0.793. MedDiet, Mediterranean diet; VOO, virgin olive oil.