Table 1.
Cohort characteristics
| Cohort |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Healthy control (n = 22) | Seronegative (n = 29) | Seropositive (n = 17) | New-onset (n = 33) | |
| Sex | ||||
| Female, n | 8 | 14 | 9 | 15 |
| Male, n | 14 | 15 | 8 | 18 |
| Age (years), median (range) | 11.5 (4.0–45.0) | 12.0 (3.0–45.0) | 9.0 (4.0–36.0) | 11.0 (2.0–20.0) |
| HLA, n (%) | ||||
| 3 alone | 4 (18.2) | 11 (37.9) | 4 (23.5) | 10 (30.3) |
| 3 plus 4 | 3 (13.6) | 9 (31.0) | 4 (23.5) | 8 (24.2) |
| 4 alone | 4 (18.2) | 7 (24.1) | 9 (52.9) | 12 (36.4) |
| x/x | 11 (50.0) | 2 (6.9) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (9.1) |
| Autoantibodies, n (%) | ||||
| 0 | 22 (100.0) | 29 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (3.0) |
| 1 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (17.6) | 12 (36.4) |
| 2–4 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 14 (82.4) | 20 (60.6) |
| HbA1c (%), median (range) | — | — | 4.9 (4.2–5.3) | 7.9 (5.5–15.0) |
| Age at onset (years), median (range) | — | — | — | 10.0 (2.0–20.0) |
| Disease duration (weeks), median (range) | — | — | — | 5.1 (0.3–17.3) |
| Impaired glucose metabolism, n (%) | 4 (23.5) | |||