Table 1. Characteristics of included studies and participants.
| Author (year) | Country | Setting | Study size | Gender | Age of participants (years) |
ART treatment experience | Mobile phone ownership | Adherence status/viral load | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | F | ||||||||
| Randomized control trials | |||||||||
| Lester et al. (2010b)[23] | Kenya | Healthcare clinic | 528 | - | - | >18 | Less than 3 months on ART | Personal phone | Not reported |
| Kalichman et al. (2011)[45] | USA | Infectious disease clinic | 40 | 26 | 14 | >18 | Receiving ART (duration unspecified | Study phone provided | Sub-optimal adherence |
| Pop-Eleches et al. (2011)[24] | Kenya | Rural health centre | 428 | - | - | >18 | Less than three months on ART | Study phone provided | Not reported |
| da Costa et al. (2012)[42] | Brazil | Health centre for infectious diseases | 25 | - | 21 | Not specified | Less than three months on ART | Personal phone | CD4 count >200/mm3 |
| Mbuagbaw et al (2012)[47] | Cameroon | Central hospital | 200 | - | - | >21 | Been on ART for at least 1 month | Personal phone | Not reported |
| Huang et al. (2013)[52] | China | 3 county hospitals | 196 | 94 | 102 | ≥18 | Treatment-naïve and Treatment-experienced | Personal phone | Baseline CD4 count < 350 cells/mm3 |
| Shet et al. (2014)[50] | India | Health care clinic | 631 | 358 | 273 | 18–60 | ART naïve | Study phone provided | Sub-optimal adherence |
| Maduka and Tobin-West (2015)[48] | Nigeria | Tertiary health care hospital) | 104 | 45 | 59 | Mean age [control: 36; intervention:37] | Treatment Experienced |
Personal phone | Sub-optimal adherence |
| Belzer et al. (2015)[51] | USA | Not specified | 37 | 23 | 14 | 15–24 | Unspecified | Personal and study phones | Sub-optimal adherence |
| Sabin et al. (2015)[46] | China | ART clinic in Nanning | 120 | - | - | >18 (Mean age = 38) | Treatment experience and no experienced | Personal phone | Sup optimal adherence |
| Haberer et al (2016)[49] | Uganda | Mbarara regional referral hospital | 63 | 23 | 40 | >18 | Individuals initiating ART | Personal phone | Not reported |
|
Quasi–experimental time series/Prospective studies |
|||||||||
| Rodrigues et al. (2012)[53] | India | Infectious disease clinic | 150 | 109 | 41 | Mean age = 38 | On ART for at least a month | Personal phone | Not reported |
| Dowshen et al. (2012)[43] | USA | Community-based health centre | 25 | 23 | 2 | 14–29 | Receiving ART (duration unspecified) | Personal phone | Sub-optimal adherence |