TABLE 3.
Associations between three indices of periodontal disease case status and prevalent systemic conditions in the NHANES 2009-2014 studies
| Cases/Total Case Status (N) |
Diabetes 1,320/10,632 OR (95% CI)a |
CHDb 272/9,805 OR (95% CI)a |
Strokeb 231/9,764 OR (95% CI)a |
CRP 899/3,575 OR (95% CI)a |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PPC-Health (5,878) | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| PPC-Mild (674) | 1.37 (1.06-1.77) | 0.76 (0.37-1.54) | 0.85 (0.39-1.89) | 1.08 (0.77-1.52) |
| PPC-High GI (962) | 1.36 (1.10-1.68) | 1.20 (0.78-1.83) | 1.37 (0.86-2.18) | 1.19 (0.85-1.67) |
| PPC-Tooth Loss (1,197) | 1.51 (1.25-1.82) | 1.30 (0.88-1.93) | 1.61 (1.07-2.41) | 1.57 (1.19-2.07) |
| PPC-Posterior Disease (506) | 1.17 (0.87-1.58) | 2.27 (1.35-3.81) | 1.82 (0.94-3.55) | 1.75 (1.21-2.53) |
| PPC-Severe Tooth Loss (693) | 1.72 (1.37-2.16) | 1.54 (1.00-2.37) | 2.03 (1.31-3.14) | 1.61 (1.14-2.29) |
| PPC-Severe Disease (800) | 1.28 (1.00-1.64) | 1.33 (0.80-2.22) | 1.26 (0.70-2.27) | 1.28 (0.93-1.76) |
| Total (10,710) | ||||
| BIC Improvementc | 30.8 | 12.43 | 13.21 | 18.3 |
| CDC-Health (2,521) | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| CDC-Mild (3,199) | 1.12 (0.91-1.37) | 1.26 (0.77-2.05) | 1.03 (0.65-1.62) | 1.21 (0.96-1.54) |
| CDC-Moderate (3,791) | 1.52 (1.25-1.85) | 1.45 (0.92-2.29) | 1.07 (0.69-1.64) | 1.29 (1.03-1.63) |
| CDC-Severe (1,199) | 1.45 (1.13-1.85) | 1.57 (0.92-2.67) | 1.10 (0.65-1.88) | 1.58 (1.16-2.15) |
| Total (10,710) | ||||
| BIC Improvementc | 24.9 | 3.52 | 0.17 | 9.0 |
| European-Health (2,563) | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| European-Incipient (6,681) | 1.32 (1.09-1.59) | 1.43 (0.90-2.26) | 1.15 (0.75-1.78) | 1.21 (0.98-1.48) |
| European-Severe (1,466) | 1.53 (1.21-1.94) | 1.57 (0.93-2.65) | 1.39 (0.84-2.32) | 1.77 (1.32-2.39) |
| Total (10,710) | ||||
| BIC Improvementc | 13.2 | 3.11 | 1.87 | 14.4 |
NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; CHD, coronary heart disease; GI, gingival inflammation.
Odds ratios adjusted as follows: logistic regression model for Diabetes adjusted for race, age, gender, body mass index (BMI), smoking (three levels) and education (three levels); logistic regression models for Heart Attack and Stroke adjusted for race, age, gender, BMI, smoking (three levels), diabetes, hypertension, education (three levels), high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, and total cholesterol; logistic regression models for C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin (IL)-6 adjusted for race, age, gender, BMI, smoking (three levels), diabetes, hypertension, and education (three levels). Bold text indicates statistically significant odds ratios. CRP was only measured at one exam cycle.
CHD excludes Stroke cases; stroke excludes CHD cases.
Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) (see chart end of Table 2).