Table 5.

Unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratios for the risk of ED visits Among Singleton Deliveries to Women with and without IDD in Massachusetts, 2002–2012, N=779,513

Postpartum period	Emergency department visits
	Any ED visit		Any 2+ ED visits		Any 4+ ED visits
	HR	95% CI	HR	95% CI	HR	95% CI
1–42 DAYS
No IDD	1	1	1	1	1	1
IDD (Unadj. model)	3.43***	2.89 – 4.06	5.52***	4.52 – 6.75	10.52***	8.27 – 13.38
IDD (Adj. model 1a)	2.18***	1.83 – 2.59	2.66***	2.17 – 3.27	4.18***	3.25 – 5.37
IDD (Adj. pathway model 2b)	2.06***	1.74 – 2.45	2.47***	2.01 – 3.02	3.80***	2.96 – 4.87
43–90 DAYS
No IDD	1	1	1	1	1	1
IDD (Unadj. model)	3.26***	2.61 – 4.07	5.39***	4.18 – 6.96	9.05***	6.42 – 12.76
IDD (Adj. model 1a)	1.91***	1.52 – 2.39	2.55***	1.96 – 3.31	3.63***	2.54 – 5.19
IDD (Adj. pathway model 2b)	1.84***	1.47 – 2.31	2.41***	1.85 – 3.14	3.34***	2.34 – 4.77
91–365 DAYS
No IDD	1	1	1	1	1	1
IDD (Unadj. model)	2.22***	1.94 – 2.53	3.69***	3.01 – 4.52	7.67***	2.22***
IDD (Adj. model 1a)	1.42***	1.24 – 1.63	1.79***	1.45 – 2.20	3.06***	1.42***
IDD (Adj. pathway model 2b)	1.39***	1.21 – 1.59	1.70***	1.38 – 2.09	2.85***	1.39***

Source: Pregnancy to Early Life Longitudinal (PELL) Data System; 2002–2012

^***p<0.01,

^**p<0.05,

^*p<0.1

Notes:

^aAdjusted model included the following covariates: maternal age, race/ethnicity, education, marital status, type of health insurance, adequacy of prenatal care based on Kotelchuck index (Kotelchuck, 1994, 1997), smoking during pregnancy, parity, and year of survey.

^bAdjusted pathway model included covariates in the model 1 plus pathway variables including pre-pregnancy health conditions or pregnancy related complications (e.g. diabetes, cardiac disease, etc.), delivery complications (e.g. excessive bleeding, placenta previa, etc.), sex of the newborn child, low birth weight, and cesarean delivery.

Abbreviations: IDD - Intellectual and Developmental Disability; ED-Emergency Department; HR-Hazard Ratios; CI-Confidence Interval.