Table 3.

Cross-sectional multilevel negative binomial models of unweighted AL.

	Unweighted AL in 2009
	Model 1			Model 2
Independent variables in 2009	β	RSE		β	RSE
Age (centered)	0.191	0.008	***	0.189	0.008	***
Age-squared	−0.038	0.004	***	−0.040	0.004	***
Male (ref: female)	−0.012	0.021		0.010	0.024
Married (ref: no)	−0.035	0.023		−0.035	0.024
Education (ref: no)
Elementary school	−0.001	0.027		−0.004	0.027
Middle school	−0.017	0.031		−0.026	0.031
High school or equivalent	−0.054	0.034		−0.065	0.034	†
College or above	−0.127	0.055	*	−0.143	0.055	**
Occupation (ref: farmer)
Unemployed	0.160	0.026	***	0.109	0.030	***
Unskilled	0.036	0.033		−0.008	0.036
Skilled/Professional	0.120	0.033	***	0.068	0.037	†
Household income per capita (ref: poorest)
2nd quartile	−0.035	0.024		−0.038	0.024
3rd quartile	0.015	0.025		0.009	0.025
4th quartile (richest)	0.029	0.028		0.021	0.027
Urbanization index (z-score)	0.049	0.014	***	0.033	0.015	*
Urban (ref: rural)	0.054	0.031	†	0.054	0.031	†
Smoking (ref: none)
< 1 pack per day				−0.102	0.030	**
>= 1 pack per day				−0.018	0.028
Drinking (ref: none)
Monthly				−0.005	0.028
Weekly				0.064	0.031	*
Daily				0.010	0.032
Work-related PA (ref: very light)
Light				−0.024	0.023
Moderate				−0.006	0.030
Heavy or very heavy				−0.109	0.032	**
Leisure PA (ref: no)				−0.030	0.032
% of daily energy intake from fat				0.002	0.001	*
Region (ref: inland)
Northeast	0.073	0.030	*	0.074	0.03	*
Coastal	0.029	0.03		0.033	0.03
Mountainous South	−0.109	0.033	**	−0.099	0.032	**
Constant	1.046	0.044	***	1.086	0.057	***
α (logged)	−1.703	0.062	***	−1.708	0.062	***
σ (random effects)	0.013	0.003	***	0.013	0.003	***

Notes: AL = allostatic load; RSE = robust standard error; PA = physical activity.

^†p<.1

^*p<.05

^**p<.01

^***p<.001