Table 4.

Time-lagged multilevel negative binomial models of AL.

	Unweighted AL in 2009
	Model 1			Model 2
Independent variables in 2006	β	RSE		β	RSE
Age (centered)	0.200	0.010	***	0.192	0.010	***
Age-squared	−0.048	0.005	***	−0.049	0.005	***
Male (ref: female)	−0.024	0.024		−0.034	0.028
Married (ref: no)	−0.055	0.035		−0.057	0.035	†
Education (ref: no)
Elementary school	−0.034	0.030		−0.037	0.030
Middle school	−0.045	0.035		−0.056	0.036
High school or equivalent	−0.039	0.040		−0.052	0.040
College or above	−0.151	0.069	*	−0.172	0.069	*
Occupation (ref: farmer)
Unemployed	0.177	0.029	***	0.135	0.030	***
Unskilled	0.129	0.039	**	0.091	0.038	*
Skilled/Professional	0.098	0.040	*	0.044	0.041
Household income per capita (ref: poorest)
2nd quartile	−0.029	0.029		−0.028	0.029
3rd quartile	0.028	0.031		0.022	0.031
4th quartile (richest)	0.093	0.033	**	0.085	0.033
Urbanization index (z-score)	0.040	0.016	*	0.018	0.018
Urban (ref: rural)	0.025	0.036		0.023	0.036
Smoking (ref: none)
< 1 pack per day				−0.073	0.038	†
>= 1 pack perday				−0.019	0.034	***
Drinking (ref: none)
Monthly				0.056	0.042
Weekly				0.058	0.034	†
Daily				0.127	0.034	***
Work-related PA (ref: very light)
Light				0.004	0.032
Moderate				−0.056	0.042
Heavy or very heavy				−0.105	0.038	**
Leisure PA (ref: no)				0.005	0.038
% of daily energy intake from fat				0.002	0.001	†
Region (ref: inland)
Northeast	0.058	0.032	†	0.053	0.033
Coastal	0.018	0.033		0.010	0.034
Mountainous South	−0.114	0.038	**	−0.112	0.039	**
Constant	1.115	0.046	***	1.164	0.060	***
α (logged)	−1.825	0.076	***	−1.845	0.077	***
σ (random effects)	0.017	0.003	***	0.018	0.003	***

Notes: AL = allostatic load; RSE = robust standard error; PA = physical activity.

^†p<.1

^*p<.05

^**p<.01

^***p<.001