Table 3.

Multivariate logistic regression testing the association between sample characteristics and non-opioid (acetaminophen and NSAIDS) prescribing to children aged 0 to 17 years in the United States, from 2003 to 2014. Source: Medical Expenditure Panel Surveys 2003–2014.^*

	Adjusted Odds Ratioα	[95% Confidence Interval]	p-value
Child race and ethnicity
White, non-Hispanic	reference
Black, non-Hispanic	1.26	1.01–1.56	0.04
Hispanic	3.21	2.27–4.56	<.0001
American Indian/Alaska Native	1.62	0.71–3.68	0.24
Asian/Pacific Islander	1.72	1.26–2.34	<0.005
Age category
<6 years	reference
6–11 years	0.55	0.50–0.62	<.0001
12–17 years	0.89	0.75–1.05	0.16
Sex
Male	reference
Female	1.17	1.06–1.30	<0.005
Insurance
Any private	reference
Public only	2.87	2.40–3.40	<.0001
Uninsured	0.99	0.78–1.26	0.98
Region
Northeast	reference
Midwest	1.03	0.83–1.30	0.80
South	1.30	0.84–2.01	0.23
West	1.31	1.01–1.70	0.04
Physical Health
Excellent	reference
Very good	1.29	1.11–1.50	<0.005
Good	1.68	1.41–2.00	<.0001
Fair	1.40	1.06–1.83	0.02
Poor	0.80	0.40–1.70	0.6
Mental Health
Excellent	reference
Very good	0.88	0.76–1.02	0.96
Good	0.93	0.76–1.13	0.45
Fair	0.99	0.70–1.42	0.97
Poor	0.71	0.40–1.32	0.28
Period
2003–2005	reference
2006–2008	0.86	0.73–1.03	0.10
2009–2011	0.86	0.61–1.20	0.39
2012–2014	0.87	0.67–1.21	0.27
Outpatient visits	1.01	1.01–1.02	<.0001
Prescribed medications	1.04	1.04–1.05	<.0001

^*The sample contains 113,929 participants, which are weighted to represent 72 million children present in the United States annually

^αOdds ratios adjusted for all characteristics appearing in this table: race& ethnicity, age, sex, insurance, region, physical health, mental health, period.