Table 3.

Depression: longitudinal outcome (N = 681).

Variable	AOR (95% CI)
Model 1: Baseline characteristics (time-invariant)
Age	1.711 [2.710, 2.735]
Education
0-Grade 9	1 (Reference)
Grade 10–11	2.654 [2.512, 2.954]
Grade 12 or more	2.032 [2.490, 2.901]
Employed
No	1 (Reference)
Yes	2.469 [2.524, 2.977]
Income
600 or more	1 (Reference)
<600 Rand	2.540 [2.557, 2.886]
Relationship status
Unmarried, living separate	1 (Reference)
Unmarried, living together	2.188 [2.552, 2.858]
Married	2.445 [2.606, 2.858]
Number of children
None	1 (Reference)
One or more	1.765 [2.637, 2.879]
Pregnancy unplanned
No	1 (Reference)
Yes	1.327 [2.492, 2.794]
Diagnosed during this pregnancy
No	1 (Reference)
Yes	2.059 [2.639, 2.84]
Months since ART initiation	2.699 [2.713, 2.724]
HIV positive children
No	1 (Reference)
Yes	1.354 [2.584, 3.264]
HIV serostatus of spouse/partner
Negative/Do not know	1 (Reference)
Positive	1.464 [2.634, 2.967]
Alcohol (>2 drinks last month)
No	1 (Reference)
Yes	2.153 [2.519, 3.043]
Stigma	2.073 [2.678, 2.777]
Random Effectsa
Intercept (baseline)	1.481 [−2.264, 5.227]
Depression	0.001 [−0.002, 0.003]
Model 2: Variables assessed at four assessments (time-varying)
Fixed Effects
Intervention
Standard of care	1 (Reference)
Enhanced intervention	0.950 [0.957, 1.004]
Disclosure of HIV Status to Partner	0.900 [0.658, 1.232]
Male Involvement	0.916 [0.871, 0.963]**
Psychological Intimate Partner Violence	1.489 [1.262, 1.756]***
Physical Intimate Partner Violence	1.264 [0.961, 1.663]
Adherence to ARVs	0.395 [0.285, 0.549]***
Consistent condom use (past week)	1.079 [0.833, 1.399]
Noncondom use at last sex	0.918 [0.666, 1.264]
Random Effectsa
Intercept (baseline)	1.428 [0.249, 0.251]
Depression	0.001 [−0.002, 0.003]

^***P < 0.001.

^**P < 0.01.

^*P < 0.05.

^aRandom effects indicates the estimated variances from random effects logistic regression model.

AOR = Adjusted Odds Ratio, CI = Confidence Interval.