Table 3.
Treatment and control of hypertension from National Health and Morbidity Survey 2006, 2011, and 2015
| Variable | Treatment among all hypertensives | Treatment among those aware | Control among treated | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2006 | 2011 | 2015 | 2006 | 2011 | 2015 | 2006 | 2011 | 2015 | |
| % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | |
| Overall | 28.1 (27.2, 29.0) | 30.6 (29.3, 32.0) | 31.1 (29.8, 32.5) | 78.9 (77.5, 80.2) | 77.5 (75.5, 79.4) | 83.2 (81.3, 84.8) | 27.5 (25.9, 29.2) | 34.3 (32.0, 36.7) | 37.4 (35.3, 39.5) |
| Sex | |||||||||
| Male | 23.7 (22.5, 24.9) | 26.9 (25.1, 28.6) | 27.5 (25.9, 29.3) | 76.2 (74.0, 78.3) | 76.4 (73.4, 79.2) | 81.6 (78.9, 84.0) | 29.5 (27.0, 32.2) | 35.8 (32.3, 39.5) | 39.3 (36.2, 42.4) |
| Female | 32.9 (31.7, 34.1) | 34.8 (33.0, 36.7) | 35.1 (33.4, 36.8) | 81.1 (79.4, 82.6) | 78.5 (76.1, 80.8) | 84.6 (82.3, 86.6) | 25.9 (24.0, 27.9) | 33.1 (30.3, 36.0) | 35.7 (33.0, 38.6) |
| Locality | |||||||||
| Urban | 29.9 (28.8, 31.1) | 31.3(29.6, 33.1) | 32.1 (30.4, 33.8) | 80.5 (78.8, 82.2) | 78.2 (75.7, 80.6) | 83.2 (80.9, 85.3) | 29.3 (27.4, 31.3) | 36.0 (33.1, 39.0) | 38.7 (36.1, 41.4) |
| Rural | 23.3 (22.1, 24.5) | 28.8(27.1, 30.7) | 28.7 (27.0, 30.4) | 73.8 (71.6, 75.9) | 75.5 (72.6, 78.2) | 83.0 (80.5, 85.3) | 21.7 (19.5, 24.1) | 29.5 (26.5, 32.8) | 33.3 (30.6, 36.1) |
| Age group | |||||||||
| 18–39 | 7.5 (6.5, 8.6) | 8.7 (7.3, 10.3) | 8.4 (7.0, 9.9) | 48.2 (43.2, 53.2) | 41.9 (36.3, 47.7) | 49.6 (43.6, 55.7) | 32.6 (26.4, 39.5) | 35.4 (27.4, 44.5) | 39.4 (31.4, 48.0) |
| 40–59 | 31.1 (29.8, 32.4) | 33.4 (31.6, 35.3) | 33.3 (31.5, 35.1) | 79.6 (77.9, 81.3) | 79.2 (76.6, 81.5) | 84.3 (82.0, 86.4) | 29.6 (27.3, 31.9) | 33.0 (29.9, 36.3) | 36.7 (33.7, 39.9) |
| 60 above | 44.4 (42.6, 46.2) | 49.3 (46.8, 51.8) | 53.1 (50.9, 55.4) | 87.6 (85.9, 89.1) | 89.7 (87.4, 91.7) | 92.9 (91.3, 94.2) | 24.3 (22.0, 26.8) | 35.5 (32.0, 39.2) | 37.7 (34.9, 40.6) |
| BMI | |||||||||
| <25 | 22.4 (21.1, 23.7) | 26.0 (24.0, 28.1) | 26.5 (24.5, 28.5) | 79.1 (76.8, 81.3) | 78.0 (74.6, 81.1) | 82.1 (78.6, 85.1) | 31.0 (28.1, 34.0) | 40.8 (36.5, 45.2) | 43.3 (39.3, 47.4) |
| 25–29 | 29.6 (28.2, 31.1) | 31.0 (28.9, 33.2) | 32.2 (30.2, 34.2) | 77.9 (75.7, 79.9) | 77.5 (74.1, 80.6) | 82.9 (80.3, 85.2) | 24.7 (22.3, 27.3) | 33.8 (30.2, 37.5) | 31.3 (28.3, 34.4) |
| 30 and above | 33.4 (31.5, 35.3) | 31.6 (29.1, 34.2) | 30.9 (28.7, 33.3) | 79.7 (77.0, 82.1) | 74.6 (70.7, 78.1) | 83.3 (79.8, 86.2) | 26.9 (24.0, 30.0) | 27.0 (23.3, 31.1) | 32.4 (28.6, 36.4) |
| Ethnicity | |||||||||
| Malay | 25.9 (24.7, 27.0) | 28.6 (26.9, 30.3) | 29.3 (27.7, 31.0) | 75.8 (73.8, 77.7) | 73.7 (70.8, 76.3) | 83.7 (81.4, 85.7) | 24.4 (22.3, 26.7) | 29.8 (26.9, 33.0) | 33.2 (30.7, 35.9) |
| Chinese | 35.4 (33.3, 37.6) | 38.7 (35.7, 41.8) | 40.6 (37.3, 43.9) | 88.1 (85.9, 90.0) | 87.4 (84.2, 90.1) | 88.1 (84.3, 91.0) | 31.6 (28.4, 34.9) | 42.5 (37.8, 47.4) | 46.8 (41.9, 51.8) |
| Indian | 34.7 (31.6, 37.9) | 36.9 (31.8, 42.3) | 41.3 (36.9, 45.9) | 84.1 (79.7, 87.6) | 84.2 (78.2, 88.8) | 89.5 (84.5, 93.0) | 33.7 (28.6, 39.3) | 40.4 (34.2, 46.8) | 40.8 (33.9, 48.1) |
| Other Bumiputras | 22.6 (20.3, 25.1) | 24.6 (21.0, 28.7) | 26.6 (22.8, 30.8) | 66.6 (61.6, 71.3) | 69.7 (62.9, 75.7) | 67.3 (60.0, 73.9) | 25.5 (20.9, 30.6) | 31.4 (24.3, 39.4) | 42.2 (35.1, 49.5) |
| Others | 11.7 (9.0, 15.1) | 15.3 (10.7, 21.3) | 13.9 (10.4, 18.2) | 60.4 (49.8, 70.2) | 61.6 (48.3, 73.3) | 64.4 (52.3, 74.9) | 14.2 (7.2, 26.0) | 15.6 (7.9, 28.5) | 20.2 (11.4, 33.2) |
aAge adjusted to population in the year 2015