Table 2.

Reasons for non-inclusion

Exclusion Criterion	n total 258
Total hip arthroplasty	53
Joint preserving strategy	5
Additional or other fracture	33
Non-ambulatory on admission	23
Underlying malignancy or neurologic disease	22
Death before inclusion	3
Refusal of surgery	7
Intercurrent contralateral femoral fracture	12
Patients’ refusal of consent to trial	37
Guardians’/proxies’ refusal of consent to trial	36
Unclear IC situation (demented but no guardian or family etc.)	10
Logistics (tourists, commuters not insured in Switzerland etc.)	17

The reasons for non-inclusion mirror the heterogeneity of the patient population. While some patients are active and un-burdened by comorbidity with the indication for total hip arthroplasty as personalized treatment strategy, others are non-ambulatory on admission. Also legitimate informed consent is a sensitive topic. In unclear situations, patients had to be excluded. All other patients either gave consent or proxy consent was obtained with patients’ assent. Only 12 patients suffered an intercurrent femoral fracture which may be explained by the evaluation of all patients suffering FNF by a fracture liaison service that established basic prophylaxis, diagnostics and treatment for osteoporosis [35]