Table 2.
Discrete time hazard models predicting the onset of functional disability
| Crude | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HRs | HRs | HRs | HRs | HRs | |
| Extensive social participation | 0.62*** | 0.92*** | – | – | – |
| Playing cards/mahjong | 0.71*** | – | 0.78*** | 0.79*** | 0.84*** |
| Organized social activities | 0.72*** | – | 0.78*** | 0.83** | 0.86* |
| Paid job (vs. Not involved) | 0.86 | – | 0.92 | 0.97 | 1.13 |
| Number of siblings frequently visited | 0.59*** | – | 0.75*** | 0.75*** | 0.76*** |
| Residence (vs. Rural) | 1.65*** | 1.78*** | 1.61*** | 1.74*** | 1.78*** |
| Gender (vs. Female) | 0.84 | 1.06 | 0.93 | 0.95 | 1.07 |
| Age (vs. 65–69) | |||||
| 70–74 | 4.39** | 4.11** | 3.88** | 3.95** | 3.70* |
| 75–79 | 6.13*** | 5.27** | 4.95** | 5.04** | 4.44** |
| 80–84 | 11.58*** | 9.41*** | 9.19*** | 9.22*** | 7.80*** |
| 85–89 | 12.58*** | 8.89*** | 10.09*** | 9.72*** | 7.16*** |
| 90 and above | 27.23*** | 17.12*** | 21.26*** | 20.09*** | 13.63*** |
| Educated (vs. Illiteracy) | 0.80* | 1.33** | 1.15 | 1.23* | 1.37** |
| Married (vs. Unmarried) | 0.58*** | 1.20 | 1.12 | 1.12 | 1.22 |
| Self-perceived economic conditions (vs. Poor) | |||||
| Fair | 0.77* | 1.04 | 0.82 | 0.83 | 1.07 |
| Good | 0.82 | 1.13 | 0.76 | 0.78 | 1.16 |
| Number of living children | 1.01 | 1.02 | 1.03 | 1.02 | 1.03 |
| Number of chronic diseases | 1.24*** | 1.26*** | 1.24*** | 1.24*** | 1.25*** |
| Physical exercise (vs. No) | 0.47*** | 0.59*** | 0.51*** | 0.61*** | |
| Cognitive ability index | 0.88*** | 0.92*** | 0.92*** | ||
| Positive emotion index | 0.85*** | 0.89*** | 0.89*** | ||
| Constant | 0.01*** | 0.00*** | 0.00*** | 0.00*** | |
| N | 104,468 | 104,468 | 104,468 | 104,468 | 104,468 |
*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001