Table 3.

Mediating effects between social participation and the onset of functional disability

	Crude HRs	Physical exercise		Cognitive ability		Positive emotions
		Adjusted HRs	Mediating effect (%)	Adjusted HRs	Mediating effect (%)	Adjusted HRs	Mediating effect (%)
Playing cards/mahjong	0.78***	0.79***	5.4	0.82***	18.9	0.79***	7.0
Organized social activity	0.78***	0.83***	25.7	0.82***	17.7	0.78***	0.3
Number of siblings frequently visited	0.75***	0.75***	1.9	0.76***	2.8	0.76***	1.4
Paid joba	0.91	0.96	–	1.03	–	0.97	–

^***p < 0.001

^aThe variable paid job was not significantly associated with functional disability, so the mediating effect was not calculated