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. 2018 Sep 22;218(Suppl 2):S88–S98. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiy420

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© The Author(s) 2018. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 2. — Zostavax vaccination leads to an increase in circulating but not skin-resident varicella zoster virus (VZV)–specific T cells. Punch biopsy specimens (diameter, 5 mm) were taken from unchallenged skin before and after vaccination and immunohistological assessment was performed. A and B, Frequency of CD4⁺ (A) and CD8⁺ (B) T cells that expressed CD69. C and D, Representative immunostaining of CD4 (green) and Foxp3 (red; C) and cumulative data showing the frequency of Foxp3⁺ CD4⁺ T cells (D) in young and older individuals (before and after vaccination). E, Peripheral blood and skin-derived VZV-specific CD4⁺ T cells were enumerated by intracellular cytokine staining following overnight stimulation with VZV lysate (n = 6 for skin and n = 10 for blood). For panels A and B, data were assessed by the Mann-Whitney test. For panel D, data were assessed by 1-way analysis of variance with the Tukey post hoc test. For panel E, data were analyzed by the Wilcoxon paired test. Abbreviation: NS, not significant. *P < .05 and **P < .01.