Table 2.
Prevalence of Pneumococcal Carriage Averted by Immediate Treatment With Amoxicillin-Clavulanate (Amox-Clav), According to Streptococcus pneumoniae Carriage Status at Enrollment
| Carriage Status, End Point, Study Day | Amox-Clav | Placebo | Risk Difference, % (Bootstrap)a | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Proportion | Prevalence, % (Bootstrap)a | Proportion | Prevalence, % (Bootstrap)a | ||
| PSSP carriers | |||||
| Any carriage | |||||
| 8 | 5/71 | 7 (1–14) | 35/57 | 61 (49–74) | −54 (−68 to −40) |
| 15 | 15/69 | 22 (13–32) | 38/57 | 67 (54–79) | −45 (−60 to −29) |
| 30 | 19/60 | 32 (20–43) | 33/53 | 62 (49–76) | −31 (−48 to −13) |
| 60 | 18/51 | 35 (22–49) | 28/44 | 64 (50–77) | −28 (−48 to −9) |
| PSSP carriage | |||||
| 8 | 5/71 | 7 (1–14) | 35/57 | 61 (49–74) | −54 (−68 to −40) |
| 15 | 15/69 | 22 (13–32) | 37/56 | 67 (54–79) | −45 (−60 to −29) |
| 30 | 19/60 | 32 (20–43) | 31/51 | 62 (49–75) | −31 (−48 to −13) |
| 60 | 17/50 | 35 (22–49) | 26/42 | 64 (50–77) | −28 (−48 to −9) |
| PNSP carriage | |||||
| 8 | 0/71 | 0 | 0/57 | 0 | 0 |
| 15 | 0/69 | 0 | 0/56 | 0 | 0 |
| 30 | 0/60 | 0 | 0/51 | 0 | 0 |
| 60 | 0/51 | 0 | 0/42 | 0 | 0 |
| PNSP carriers | |||||
| Any carriage | |||||
| 8 | 12/17 | 71 (47–88) | 15/18 | 83 (67–100) | −13 (−42–16) |
| 15 | 12/17 | 71 (47–88) | 15/18 | 83 (67–100) | −13 (−42–16) |
| 30 | 11/14 | 79 (57–100) | 8/12 | 67 (42–92) | 12 (−20–44) |
| 60 | 9/13 | 69 (46–92) | 9/15 | 60 (33–87) | 9 (−26–45) |
| PSSP carriage | |||||
| 8 | 0/17 | 0 | 1/17 | 5 (0–17) | −5 (−17–0) |
| 15 | 0/17 | 0 | 1/17 | 5 (0–17) | −5 (−17–0) |
| 30 | 0/14 | 0 | 1/11 | 8 (0–25) | −8 (−25–0) |
| 60 | 2/11 | 19 (0–39) | 2/15 | 12 (0–28) | 6 (−17–30) |
| PNSP carriage | |||||
| 8 | 12/17 | 71 (47–88) | 13/17 | 78 (58–94) | −7 (−36–21) |
| 15 | 12/17 | 71 (47–88) | 13/17 | 78 (58–94) | −7 (−36–21) |
| 30 | 11/14 | 79 (57–100) | 6/11 | 58 (32–83) | 20 (−13–5) |
| 60 | 5/11 | 49 (27–77) | 7/15 | 47 (26–73) | 3 (−31–38) |
| No pneumococcus carriage | |||||
| Any carriage | |||||
| 8 | 1/54 | 2 (0–6) | 5/57 | 9 (2–18) | −7 (−16–0) |
| 15 | 1/50 | 2 (0–6) | 7/57 | 12 (5–21) | −10 (−19 to −1) |
| 30 | 8/47 | 17 (6–28) | 6/57 | 11 (4–19) | 7 (−7–20) |
| 60 | 13/40 | 33 (18–48) | 14/47 | 30 (17–43) | 3 (−17–22) |
| PSSP carriage | |||||
| 8 | 1/54 | 2 (0–6) | 4/56 | 9 (2–18) | −7 (−16–0) |
| 15 | 0/50 | 0 | 7/57 | 12 (5–21) | −12 (−21 to −5) |
| 30 | 5/46 | 12 (4–24) | 6/57 | 11 (4–19) | 2 (−10–15) |
| 60 | 8/37 | 26 (14–41) | 13/46 | 30 (17–43) | −4 (−22–15) |
| PNSP carriage | |||||
| 8 | 0/54 | 0 | 0/56 | 0 | 0 |
| 15 | 1/50 | 2 (0–6) | 0/57 | 0 | 2 (0–6) |
| 30 | 2/46 | 4 (0–13) | 0/57 | 0 | 4 (0–13) |
| 60 | 2/37 | 6 (0–15) | 0/46 | 0 | 6 (0–15) |
Abbreviations: PNSP, penicillin-susceptible S. pneumoniae; PSSP, penicillin-susceptible S. pneumoniae.
aData are presented as medians (95% confidence intervals), based on the bootstrap approach (see Methods and Supplementary Materials), to correct for bias from incomplete testing of specimens.