Table 1.
Characteristics of the studies included in this meta-analysis
| Author (year) | Drug | Duration | Clinical trial | Study type | Laboratory measures | Patients type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brigandi et al (2016)19 | GSK1278863 | 4 weeks | Phase IIa | Multicenter, randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study | EPO, Ret, Hb, hepcidin | NDD-CKD, DD-CKD |
| Martin et al (2017)22 | Vadadustat (AKBA6548) | 6 weeks | Phase IIa | Multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging trial | Hb, TIBC, ferritin, hepcidin | NDD-CKD |
| Akizawa et al (2017)17 | Daprodustat (GSK1278863) | 4 weeks | Phase II | Multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging, parallel-group study | Hb, EPO, VEGF, ferritin, transferrin, TIBC, serum iron, hepcidin, TSAT | DD-CKD |
| Holdstock et al (2016)21 | GSK1278863 | 4 weeks | Phase IIa | Multicenter, randomized, blinded, controlled, parallel-group studies | Hb, EPO, hepcidin, ferritin, TSAT, transferrin, TIBC, serum iron, VEGF | NDD-CKD, DD-CKD |
| Chen et al (2017)20 | FG-4592 | 12 weeks/7 weeks | Phase II | NDD study: randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled DD study: open-label, epoetin alfa-controlled | Hb, RBC, Ret, hematocrit, MCV, PLT, CHr, leukocytes, serum iron, TSAT, ferritin, sTfR, hepcidin, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, VLDL, triglycerides | NDD-CKD, DD-CKD |
| Besarab et al (2015)18 | FG-4592 | 18 weeks | Phase IIa | Multicenter, randomized, single-blind (subjects), placebo-controlled study | Hb, EPO, TSAT, serum iron, TIBC, ferritin, hepcidin | NDD-CKD |
| Provenzano et al (2016)24 | FG-4592 | 6–19 weeks | Phase II | Multicenter, randomized, open-label, consecutive cohort, multidose study | Hb, EPO, ferritin, TSAT, serum iron, TIBC, sTfR, hepcidin, CHr, total cholesterol | DD-CKD |
| Pergola et al (2016)23 | Vadadustat (AKB6548) | 20 weeks | Phase IIb | Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study | Urinary protein excretion rate, Hb, reticulocyte count, TIBC, TSAT, ferritin, hepcidin, VEGF | NDD-CKD |
| Ren (2013)25 | FG-4592 | 8 weeks | Undefined | Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial | Hb, Hct, Ret, % Rtc, cholesterol, LDL-C, TSAT, serum iron, TIBC, transferrin, ferritin, sTfR | NDD-CKD |
Abbreviations: EPO, erythropoietin; Ret, reticulocyte; Hb, hemoglobin; TIBC, total iron-binding capacity; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; TSAT, transferrin saturation; RBC, red blood cell; MCV, erythrocyte mean corpuscular volume; PLT, platelets; CHr, reticulocyte hemoglobin content; sTfR, serum soluble transferrin receptor; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; VLDL, very low-density lipoprotein; Hct, hematocrit; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; NDD-CKD, non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease; DD-CKD, dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease.