Table 1.
Patient and intubation characteristics, parameters before extubation and spontaneous breathing trial according to airway failure, non-airway failure and extubation success with corresponding crude odds ratios determined using multinomial logistic regression
| Characteristic | Extubation success (n = 1357) | Airway failure (n = 70) | Non-airway failure (n = 78) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | P value | OR | 95% CI | P value | ||||
| Age, years | 61 (49–71) | 61 (51–71) | 1.002 | 0.987–1.017 | 0.79 | 65 (51–72) | 1.009 | 0.994–1.023 | 0.24 |
| Female sex | 490/1352 (36) | 36/69 (52) | 1.919 | 1.181–3.118 | 0.009 | 30 (38) | 1.099 | 0.688–1.758 | 0.69 |
| SAPS2 | 49 (36–62) | 48 (40–56) | 1.010 | 0.996–1.024 | 0.18 | 48 (37–62) | 1.019 | 1.006–1.032 | 0.004 |
| SOFA score before extubation | 2 (0–4) | 2 (1–3) | 0.954 | 0.876–1.039 | 0.28 | 3 (1–5) | 1.054 | 1.009–1.101 | 0.02 |
| SOFA score ≥ 8 before extubation | 107 (8) | 3 (4) | 0.523 | 0.162–1.691 | 0.28 | 15 (19) | 2.781 | 1.532–5.051 | 0.0008 |
| Weight, kg | 75 (63–85) | 70 (59–87) | 0.990 | 0.976–1.004 | 0.18 | 70 (61–80) | 0.982 | 0.968–0.996 | 0.01 |
| Height, cm | 170 (163–175) | 166 (160–174) | 0.962 | 0.937–0.988 | 0.004 | 168 (160–175) | 0.982 | 0.958–1.007 | 0.16 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 25.5 (22.5–29.4) | 26.6 (21.5–28.5) | 1.000 | 0.962–1.039 | 1.00 | 24.2 (21.1–27.8) | 0.958 | 0.916–1.002 | 0.06 |
| Body mass index < 30 kg/m2 | 278 (20) | 53 (76) | 1.131 | 0.608–2.105 | 0.70 | 64 (82) | 1.776 | 0.900–3.502 | 0.10 |
| Medical type of admission | 589 (43) | 39 (56) | 1.600 | 0.986–2.595 | 0.06 | 39 (50) | 1.272 | 0.805–2.008 | 0.30 |
| Smoking | 349 (26) | 13 (19) | 0.659 | 0.356–1.218 | 0.18 | 16 (21) | 0.745 | 0.425–1.309 | 0.31 |
| COPD | 173 (13) | 10 (14) | 1.141 | 0.573–2.270 | 0.71 | 9 (12) | 0.893 | 0.438–1.821 | 0.75 |
| Alcoholism | 295 (22) | 14 (20) | 0.900 | 0.494–1.639 | 0.73 | 19 (24) | 1.159 | 0.680–1.975 | 0.59 |
| Cirrhosis | 159 (12) | 7 (10) | 0.837 | 0.377–1.860 | 0.66 | 8 (10) | 0.861 | 0.407–1.823 | 0.70 |
| Chronic renal failure | 168 (12) | 5 (7) | 0.544 | 0.216–1.371 | 0.20 | 7 (9) | 0.698 | 0.316–1.542 | 0.37 |
| Reason for ICU admission | |||||||||
| Acute respiratory failure | 286 (21) | 21 (30) | 1.605 | 0.947–2.720 | 0.08 | 21 (27) | 1.380 | 0.823–2.314 | 0.22 |
| Trauma | 103 (8) | 9 (13) | 1.796 | 0.867–3.720 | 0.11 | 2 (3) | 0.320 | 0.078–1.323 | 0.12 |
| Post-operative | 488 (36) | 11 (16) | 0.332 | 0.173–0.638 | 0.0009 | 20 (26) | 0.614 | 0.365–1.033 | 0.07 |
| Cardiac arrest | 42 (3) | 1 (1) | 0.454 | 0.062–3.346 | 0.44 | 7 (9) | 3.087 | 1.339–7.115 | 0.008 |
| Neurologic failure | 356 (26) | 38 (54) | 2.626 | 1.604–4.299 | 0.001 | 28 (36) | 1.368 | 0.815–2.293 | 0.24 |
| Shock | 242 (18) | 13 (19) | 1.051 | 0.566–1.950 | 0.88 | 14 (18) | 1.008 | 0.556–1.827 | 0.98 |
| Ascetic decompensation | 24 (2) | 1 (1) | 0.805 | 0.107–6.037 | 0.83 | 0 (0) | – | – | 0.98 |
| Acute renal failure | 31 (2) | 2 (3) | 1.258 | 0.295–5.367 | 0.76 | 2 (3) | 1.126 | 0.264–4.791 | 0.87 |
| Others | 115 (8) | 3 (4) | 0.484 | 0.150–1.562 | 0.22 | 7 (9) | 1.065 | 0.479–2.369 | 0.88 |
| Reason for intubation | |||||||||
| Acute respiratory failure | 298 (22) | 26 (37) | 2.100 | 1.272–3.468 | 0.004 | 24 (31) | 1.579 | 0.960–2.598 | 0.07 |
| Shock | 146 (11) | 10 (14) | 1.382 | 0.693–2.759 | 0.36 | 6 (8) | 0.691 | 0.295–1.618 | 0.39 |
| Coma | 308 (23) | 29 (41) | 2.409 | 1.473–3.941 | 0.0005 | 24 (31) | 1.514 | 0.921–2.489 | 0.10 |
| Cardiac arrest | 43 (3) | 1 (1) | 0.443 | 0.060–3.264 | 0.42 | 8 (10) | 3.492 | 1.582–7.711 | 0.002 |
| Surgery | 451 (33) | 9 (13) | 0.297 | 0.146–0.603 | 0.0008 | 16 (21) | 0.518 | 0.296–0.909 | 0.02 |
| Others | 135 (10) | 3 (4) | 0.484 | 0.150–1.562 | 0.22 | 8 (10) | 1.065 | 0.479–2.369 | 0.88 |
| Length of intubation (days) | 2.0 (1.0–6.0) | 4.5 (1.0–9.0) | 1.029 | 0.997–1.061 | 0.07 | 3.5 (1.0–7.0) | 1.038 | 1.011–1.067 | 0.007 |
| Length of intubation > 8 days | 203 (15) | 20 (29) | 2.174 | 1.267–3.729 | 0.005 | 14 (18) | 1.268 | 0.695–2.312 | 0.439 |
| Strong cough strength | 546 (40) | 20 (29) | 0.594 | 0.350–1.009 | 0.05 | 12 (15) | 0.270 | 0.145–0.504 | < 0.0001 |
| Copious endotracheal secretions | 147 (11) | 23 (33) | 4.028 | 2.377–6.825 | < 0.0001 | 6 (8) | 0.686 | 0.293–1.605 | 0.38 |
Data are summarized as number of extubation procedures/total number of extubation procedures (%) or median (interquartile range). One patient can have more than one reason for ICU admission or for intubation. All P values and ORs result from univariate multinomial logistic regression predicting the two modalities of extubation failure (airway failure versus non-airway failure) according to the characteristics
OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, SAPS2 simplified acute physiologic score, SOFA sequential organ failure assessment, COPD chronic obstructive respiratory disease