Table 2.
Parameters during and after extubation according to airway failure, non-airway failure and extubation success with corresponding crude odds ratios determined using multinomial logistic regression
| Characteristic | Extubation success (n = 1357) | Airway failure (n = 70) | Non-airway-failure (n = 78) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | P value | OR | 95% CI | P value | ||||
| Operator performing extubation | |||||||||
| Senior | 368/1269 (29) | 24/63 (38) | – | – | 23/69 (33) | – | – | ||
| Junior | 451/1269 (36) | 13/63 (21) | 0.499 | 0.253–0.983 | 0.04 | 21/69 (30) | 0.838 | 0.462–1.519 | 0.68 |
| Nurse | 450/1269 (35) | 26/63 (41) | 1.129 | 0.637–1.999 | 0.56 | 25/69 (36) | 1.125 | 0.628–2.015 | 0.69 |
| Extubation at the end of inspiration | 121/1143 (11) | 8/58 (14) | 1.120 | 0.471–2.665 | 0.80 | 7/66 (11) | 1.190 | 0.469–3.022 | 0.71 |
| Extubation at the end of expiration | 108/1143 (9) | 4/58 (7) | 0.625 | 0.206–1.900 | 0.41 | 7/66 (11) | 1.431 | 0.556–3.682 | 0.46 |
| Extubation without preference | 914/1143 (80) | 46/58 (79) | 3.422 | 0.465–25.197 | 0.23 | 52/66 (79) | 3.869 | 0.527–28.414 | 0.18 |
| Suctioning before extubation | 1123 (83) | 52 (74) | 0.787 | 0.380–1.629 | 0.52 | 63 (81) | 1.073 | 0.504–2.282 | 0.86 |
| FiO2 set at 100% before extubation | 417 (31) | 21 (30) | 1.294 | 0.732–2.289 | 0.38 | 25 (32) | 1.101 | 0.661–1.831 | 0.71 |
| Recruitment maneuvers before extubation | 127 (9) | 5 (7) | 0.959 | 0.373–2.464 | 0.93 | 5 (6) | 0.665 | 0.262–1.684 | 0.39 |
| Accidental extubation | 6 (0) | 1 (1) | 6.541 | 0.672–63.699 | 0.11 | 0 (0) | – | – | 0.98 |
| Self-extubation | 69 (5) | 5 (7) | 1.436 | 0.560–3.681 | 0.45 | 7 (9) | 1.840 | 0.816–4.151 | 0.14 |
| Extubation protocol | 441 (32) | 14 (20) | 0.519 | 0.286–0.943 | 0.03 | 24 (31) | 0.923 | 0.563–1.513 | 0.75 |
| Patient informed of extubation | 1225 (90) | 64 (91) | 1.149 | 0.488–2.705 | 0.75 | 67 (86) | 0.656 | 0.338–1.273 | 0.21 |
| Daytime extubation | 896 (66) | 55 (79) | 2.141 | 1.275–3.593 | 0.004 | 58 (74) | 1.305 | 0.746–2.282 | 0.35 |
| Physiotherapy | 672 (50) | 46 (66) | 1.954 | 1.179–3.237 | 0.009 | 46 (59) | 1.465 | 0.922–2.329 | 0.11 |
| Before extubation | 283/672 (42) | 23/46 (50) | 0.792 | 0.341–1.840 | 0.59 | 17/46 (37) | 1.171 | 0.383–3.582 | 0.78 |
| Between extubation and 1 h after | 470/672 (70) | 31/46 (67) | 0.923 | 0.314–2.712 | 0.88 | 33/46 (72) | 1.966 | 0.459–8.413 | 0.36 |
| More than 1 h after | 236/672 (35) | 12/46 (26) | 0.416 | 0.177–0.977 | 0.04 | 22/46 (48) | 2.796 | 0.817–9.568 | 0.10 |
| Preventive NIV post extubation | 290 (21) | 22 (31) | 1.757 | 0.697–4.432 | 0.23 | 28 (36) | 2.237 | 0.905–5.527 | 0.08 |
| Curative NIV post extubation | 238 (18) | 11 (16) | 0.877 | 0.454–1.694 | 0.70 | 16 (21) | 1.213 | 0.688–2.139 | 0.50 |
| Inhaled corticosteroids post extubation | 68 (5) | 13 (19) | 4.373 | 2.279–8.392 | < 0.0001 | 6 (8) | 1.586 | 0.665–3.780 | 0.30 |
| Inhaled epinephrine post extubation | 40 (3) | 17 (24) | 10.519 | 5.593–19.781 | < 0.0001 | 3 (4) | 1.341 | 0.405–4.438 | 0.63 |
Data are summarized as number of extubation procedures/total number of extubation procedures (%) or median (interquartile range). All P values and ORs result from a univariate multinomial logistic regression predicting the two modalities of extubation failure (airway failure versus non-airway failure) according to the characteristics
OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, FiO2 fraction of inspired oxygen, NIV non-invasive ventilation