. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Sep 23.

Published in final edited form as: Am J Prev Med. 2018 Mar 17;54(5):e91–e98. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2018.02.009

Table 3.

Model-based means, difference tests, and effect sizes for physicians and pharmacists.

	Physicians		Pharmacists
Variable	Mean	SE	Mean	SE	X²	p	Cohen's d
Concern about Misuse of Controlled Substances	2.25	0.02	2.46	0.03	26.14	< .001	−0.29
PDMP Usefulness	3.32	0.12	3.87	0.14	28.33	< .001	−0.80
Normative Beliefs	4.48	0.45	5.10	0.60	1.90	0.18	−0.23
Professional & Moral Obligation	3.31	0.14	3.90	0.16	25.24	< .001	−0.74
Barriers to Use	2.46	0.03	2.13	0.04	49.07	< .001	0.40
PDMP Experience	2.52	0.04	3.08	0.06	67.80	< .001	−0.47
Years in Practice	22.29	0.44	20.29	0.64	6.60	0.01	0.15
Intention to Use PDMP	3.28	0.21	2.83	0.25	10.6	0.001	0.51

Note: All tests had one degree of freedom; Standard deviations were calculated from model based variance estimates.