Table 1.
Age-adjusted baseline characteristics of participants across tertiles of the empirical dietary inflammatory pattern scores in the Nurses’ Health Study (women, at 1984) and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (men, at 1986)
| Characteristic | Tertiles of the empirical dietary inflammatory pattern (EDIP) scores | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| Women (NHS) | Men (HPFS) | |||||
|
|
|
|||||
| T1 (lowest) | T2 | T3 (highest) | T1 (lowest) | T2 | T3 (highest) | |
| N of participants | 25,660 | 25,628 | 25,729 | 16,016 | 15,679 | 15,721 |
| Age, years* | 51.15 (6.96) | 51.09 (7.23) | 50.26 (7.25) | 53.74 (9.32) | 54.96 (9.87) | 54.55 (10.00) |
| Race (White), % | 99 | 98 | 97 | 92 | 91 | 89 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 23.97 (3.84) | 24.86 (4.43) | 26.32 (5.52) | 25.28 (3.03) | 25.38 (3.15) | 25.88 (3.53) |
| Family history of colorectal cancer, % | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 8 | 8 |
| Smoking, pack-years | 14.63 (18.27) | 11.38 (16.92) | 11.15 (17.22) | 15.43 (19.64) | 12.44 (18.24) | 12.34 (18.76) |
| Waist hip ratio | 0.78 (0.08) | 0.78 (0.08) | 0.80 (0.08) | 0.62 (0.44) | 0.61 (0.45) | 0.60 (0.46) |
| Energy intake, kcal/day | 1606 (434) | 1602 (436) | 1769 (476) | 1950 (591) | 1868 (578) | 2141 (655) |
| Total activity, METS-hours/week | 15.60 (23.25) | 13.93 (20.44) | 12.79 (18.82) | 20.26 (27.00) | 18.34 (24.57) | 17.63 (26.45) |
| Current multivitamin use, % | 39 | 37 | 35 | 44 | 42 | 39 |
| History of endoscopy, % | 54 | 55 | 55 | 27 | 26 | 25 |
| Total alcohol intake, g/day | 10.23 (12.47) | 5.43 (8.48) | 4.19 (8.06) | 17.68 (18.83) | 9.18 (12.40) | 6.97 (11.81) |
| Regular aspirin use, % | 39 | 39 | 41 | 31 | 28 | 29 |
| Postmenopausal hormone use, % | 46 | 46 | 45 | - | - | - |
| Components of the empirical dietary inflammatory pattern | ||||||
| Processed meat, servings/week | 1.64 (1.67) | 1.95 (1.89) | 2.92 (3.03) | 1.96 (2.13) | 2.18 (2.39) | 3.44 (3.94) |
| Red meat, servings/week | 3.84 (2.40) | 4.21 (2.55) | 5.31 (3.16) | 3.60 (2.68) | 3.89 (2.88) | 5.30 (3.81) |
| Organ meat, servings/week | 0.16 (0.30) | 0.17 (0.28) | 0.20 (0.36) | 0.11 (0.24) | 0.12 (0.26) | 0.14 (0.28) |
| Other fish, servings/week | 1.83 (1.46) | 1.91 (1.57) | 2.22 (1.99) | 2.04 (1.61) | 2.15 (1.68) | 2.58 (2.44) |
| Other vegetable, servings/week | 5.47 (4.26) | 5.51 (4.16) | 6.41 (5.84) | 5.44 (4.40) | 5.46 (4.31) | 6.50 (5.64) |
| Refined grain, servings/week | 6.66 (5.17) | 8.08 (6.33) | 11.83 (8.85) | 6.52 (5.41) | 7.51 (6.31) | 11.63 (9.82) |
| High energy beverage, servings/week | 1.01 (1.90) | 1.57 (2.61) | 3.67 (6.08) | 1.29 (2.22) | 1.87 (2.88) | 4.12 (6.09) |
| Low energy beverage, servings/week | 2.71 (4.68) | 3.46 (5.36) | 6.78 (10.25) | 2.39 (4.48) | 2.88 (5.04) | 5.26 (9.43) |
| Tomato, servings/week | 3.51 (2.63) | 3.64 (2.65) | 4.56 (3.92) | 3.69 (2.96) | 3.83 (2.91) | 4.99 (4.51) |
| Beer, servings/week | 1.14 (4.03) | 0.43 (1.73) | 0.26 (1.24) | 3.57 (6.75) | 1.40 (2.86) | 0.89 (2.12) |
| Wine, servings/week | 3.65 (5.65) | 1.19 (2.00) | 0.66 (1.36) | 3.48 (5.57) | 1.19 (1.82) | 0.72 (1.37) |
| Tea, servings/week | 5.00 (8.46) | 4.93 (7.93) | 4.63 (7.52) | 3.25 (6.72) | 2.95 (5.78) | 2.84 (5.65) |
| Coffee, servings/day | 3.69 (1.98) | 2.29 (1.66) | 1.48 (1.47) | 3.06 (2.06) | 1.70 (1.57) | 1.13 (1.35) |
| Dark yellow vegetable, servings/week | 2.44 (2.74) | 2.07 (1.93) | 1.92 (1.76) | 2.53 (3.25) | 2.18 (2.17) | 2.09 (2.06) |
| Green leafy vegetable, servings/week | 7.15 (5.82) | 5.46 (3.80) | 4.93 (3.66) | 6.09 (5.38) | 4.81 (3.67) | 4.46 (3.59) |
| Snack, servings/week | 5.57 (8.72) | 3.95 (5.76) | 3.82 (5.26) | 4.36 (6.22) | 3.55 (4.52) | 3.73 (4.46) |
| Fruit juice, servings/week | 5.55 (6.12) | 5.10 (5.01) | 4.81 (4.80) | 6.12 (7.42) | 5.38 (5.27) | 5.03 (5.19) |
| Pizza, servings/week | 0.54 (0.65) | 0.44 (0.45) | 0.41 (0.41) | 0.73 (0.94) | 0.50 (0.54) | 0.44 (0.49) |
BMI, body mass index; HPFS, Health Professionals Follow-up Study; METS, metabolic equivalent task score; NHS, Nurses’ Health Study; T1, tertile 1; T2, tertile 2; T3, tertile 3.
Values are means ± standard deviation (SD) or percentages and are standardized to the age distribution of the study population.
*
Value is not age adjusted.