Table 2.
The empirical dietary inflammatory pattern scores and risk of colorectal cancer according to tumor F nucleatum status in the pooled cohorts of the Nurses’ Health Study (women, 1984–2012) and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (men, 1986–2012)
| Tertiles of the empirical dietary inflammatory pattern (EDIP) scores | Ptrend* | Pheterogeneity† | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| T1 (lowest) | T2 | T3 (highest) | ||||
| Colorectal cancer | Person-years | 1,040,010 | 991,169 | 967,408 | ||
| N of cases (n=951) | 309 | 329 | 313 | |||
| Age-adjusted HR (95% CI) | 1 (reference) | 1.06 (0.91 – 1.24) | 1.08 (0.92 – 1.27) | 0.31 | ||
| Multivariable HR (95% CI)‡ | 1 (reference) | 1.11 (0.94 – 1.30) | 1.12 (0.95 – 1.33) | 0.16 | ||
| Multivariable HR (95% CI)§ | 1 (reference) | 1.09 (0.93 – 1.29) | 1.09 (0.92 – 1.30) | 0.28 | ||
|
| ||||||
| Tumor F nucleatum status | ||||||
| Negative | N of cases (n=836) | 277 | 291 | 268 | 0.07‡ | |
| Age-adjusted HR (95% CI) | 1 (reference) | 1.05 (0.89 – 1.24) | 1.03 (0.87 – 1.22) | 0.73 | ||
| Multivariable HR (95% CI)‡ | 1 (reference) | 1.09 (0.92 – 1.29) | 1.07 (0.89 – 1.28) | 0.44 | ||
| Multivariable HR (95% CI)§ | 1 (reference) | 1.08 (0.91 – 1.28) | 1.04 (0.87 – 1.24) | 0.63 | ||
|
N of cases (n=58) | 20 | 14 | 24 | ||
| Age-adjusted HR (95% CI) | 1 (reference) | 0.68 (0.34 – 1.36) | 1.30 (0.72 – 2.37) | 0.33 | ||
| Multivariable HR (95% CI)‡ | 1 (reference) | 0.70 (0.35 – 1.40) | 1.37 (0.75 – 2.49) | 0.26 | ||
| Multivariable HR (95% CI)§ | 1 (reference) | 0.69 (0.35 – 1.38) | 1.33 (0.73 – 2.42) | 0.30 | ||
| N of cases (n=57) | 12 | 24 | 21 | |||
| Age-adjusted HR (95% CI) | 1 (reference) | 2.04 (1.02 – 4.09) | 1.99 (0.97 – 4.05) | 0.06 | ||
| Multivariable HR (95% CI)‡ | 1 (reference) | 2.16 (1.07 – 4.34) | 2.05 (1.00 – 4.19) | 0.05 | ||
| Multivariable HR (95% CI)§ | 1 (reference) | 2.13 (1.06 – 4.27) | 1.99 (0.97 – 4.07) | 0.07 | ||
| N of cases (n=115) | 32 | 38 | 45 | |||
| Age-adjusted HR (95% CI) | 1 (reference) | 1.19 (0.74 – 1.90) | 1.57 (0.99 – 2.47) | 0.05 | ||
| Multivariable HR (95% CI)‡ | 1 (reference) | 1.24 (0.77 – 1.99) | 1.63 (1.03 – 2.58) | 0.03 | ||
| Multivariable HR (95% CI)§ | 1 (reference) | 1.22 (0.76 – 1.96) | 1.58 (1.00 – 2.50) | 0.04 | ||
CI, confidence interval; F nucleatum, Fusobacterium nucleatum; HR, hazard ratio; T1, tertile 1; T2, tertile 2; T3, tertile 3.
Cox proportional cause-specific hazards regression for competing risks data was used to compute HRs and 95% CIs.
All analyses were stratified by age (in month), year of questionnaire return and sex.
Linear trend test using the median value of each category.
The likelihood ratio test was used for the heterogeneity of the association between the empirical dietary inflammatory pattern scores and colorectal cancer risk according to tumor F nucleatum status (negative vs positive-low vs positive-high).
Multivariable HR was adjusted for pack-years smoked (0 vs 1–19 vs 20–39 vs ≥ 40 pack-years), family history of colorectal cancer (yes vs no), endoscopy status (yes vs no), physical activity level [quintiles of mean metabolic equivalent task score (METS) - hours per week], total calorie intake (quintiles of kcal/day), total alcohol intake (0 vs 1–5 vs 6–15 vs > 15 g/day), current multivitamin use (yes vs no), and regular aspirin use (yes vs no).
Multivariable HR was adjusted for body mass index (< 25 vs 25–29.9 vs ≥ 30 kg/m2), pack-years smoked (0 vs 1–19 vs 20–39 vs ≥ 40 pack-years), family history of colorectal cancer (yes vs no), endoscopy status (yes vs no), physical activity level [quintiles of mean metabolic equivalent task score (METS) - hours per week], total calorie intake (quintiles of kcal/day), total alcohol intake (0 vs 1–5 vs 6–15 vs > 15 g/day), current multivitamin use (yes vs no), and regular aspirin use (yes vs no).