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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2018 Aug;154(2):238–248.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2017.11.037

Table II.

Error of 3D landmark location and measurement: Bland-Altman means, standard deviations, and 95% limits of agreement for y and z coordinates and 3D distances

Variable Mean SD P Limits of agreement
Low High
A-point anteroposterior axis (mm) 0.00 0.12 0.98 −0.24 0.24
A-point superoinferior axis (mm) −0.01 0.29 0.92 −0.58 0.56
ANS anteroposteror axis (mm) 0.07 0.30 0.48 −0.52 0.66
ANS superoinferior axis (mm) 0.11 0.66 0.62 −1.18 1.39
ANS-PNS (°) 0.57 0.69 0.03 −0.78 1.91
Pogonion anteroposterior axis (mm) 0.00 0.13 0.96 −0.26 0.26
Pogonion superoinferior axis (mm) −0.22 1.12 0.55 −2.41 1.97
B-point anteroposterior axis (mm) 0.04 0.14 0.43 −0.24 0.31
B-point superoinferior axis (mm) −0.16 1.07 0.64 −2.23 1.94
Right mandibular length (mm) 0.62 0.82 0.04 −0.99 2.22
Left mandibular length (mm) −0.17 0.78 0.50 −1.70 1.35
Right ramus height (mm) 0.03 0.81 0.91 −1.55 1.62
Left ramus height (mm) −0.89 0.88 0.01 −2.62 0.84
Right corpus length (mm) −0.43 1.48 0.39 −3.32 2.47
Left corpus length (mm) −0.15 0.87 0.60 −1.85 1.56
Right gonial angle (o) −0.01 2.27 0.99 −4.46 4.43
Left gonial angle (o) −0.50 0.93 0.13 −2.33 1.33
Right FMPA (o) 0.52 0.73 0.05 −0.92 1.96
Left FMPA (o) 0.61 0.58 0.01 −0.53 1.75
Right condylion anteroposterior axis (mm) −0.23 0.81 0.39 −1.82 1.36
Right condylion superoinferior axis (mm) −0.08 0.28 0.41 −0.63 0.47
Left condylion anteroposterior axis (mm) −0.77 0.91 0.03 −2.56 1.02
Left condylion superoinferior axis (mm) 0.02 0.45 0.91 −0.86 0.89
Geometric center of right condyle anteroposterior axis (mm) −0.14 0.34 0.24 −0.81 0.54
Geometric center of right condyle superoinferior axis (mm) −0.04 0.66 0.86 −1.32 1.25
Geometric center of left condyle anteroposterior axis (mm) −0.02 0.44 0.89 −0.87 0.84
Geometric center of left condyle superoinferior axis (mm) 0.05 0.95 0.88 −1.81 1.90
Right anterior fossa anteroposterior axis (mm) 0.14 0.32 0.21 −0.49 0.77
Right anterior fossa superoinferior axis (mm) −0.15 0.28 0.13 −0.69 0.40
Left anterior fossa anteroposterior axis (mm) 0.19 0.35 0.11 −0.49 0.88
Left anterior fossa superoinferior axis (mm) −0.33 0.46 0.05 −1.23 0.58
Right posterior fossa anteroposterior axis (mm) −0.01 0.35 0.90 −0.70 0.67
Right posterior fossa superoinferior axis (mm) −0.10 0.64 0.65 −1.35 1.16
Left posterior fossa anteroposterior axis (mm) 0.02 0.16 0.71 −0.29 0.33
Left posterior fossa superoinferior axis (mm) 0.00 0.24 0.99 −0.48 0.48