Table III.
Differences between the T1 and T3 skeletal changes for the Herbst brachyfacial group, Herbst mesofacial group and Class II elastics controls
| Measurement | Herbst brachyfacial (HB) mean | SD | Herbst mesofacial (HM) mean | SD | Control (C) mean | SD | Difference of means (HM vs HB) (95% CI) | P value | Difference of means (C vs HB) (95% CI) | P value | Difference of means (C vs HM) (95% CI) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maxillary skeletal | ||||||||||||
| A point AP (mm) | 0.43 | 0.69 | 0.02 | 1.06 | 0.59 | 1.21 | −0.41 (−1.48, 0.66) | 0.43 | 0.16 (−0.83, 1.16) | 0.74 | 0.57 (−0.42, 1.57) | 0.24 |
| A point SI (mm) | −2.03 | 1.77 | −1.85 | 2.07 | −0.98 | 2.08 | 0.18 (−1.88, 2.23) | 0.98 | 1.04 (−1.27, 3.36) | 0.51 | 0.87 (−1.44, 3.18) | 0.62 |
| ANS AP (mm) | 0.61 | 1.45 | 0.88 | 0.97 | 0.65 | 1.61 | 0.27 (−1.18, 1.71) | 0.71 | 0.03 (−1.31, 1.37) | 0.96 | −0.23 (−1.58, 1.1 1) | 0.72 |
| ANS SI (mm) | −2.28 | 1.05 | −2.80 | 0.43 | −0.85 | 1.49 | −0.52 (−1.69, 0.66) | 0.38 | 1.44 (0.34, 2.53) | 0.01* | 1.95 (0.85, 3.04) | 0.001* |
| Palatal plane (ANS-PNS) (°) | −1.18 | 0.94 | −0.85 | 1.96 | −0.59 | 1.62 | 0.33 (−1.30, 1.95) | 0.68 | 0.59 (−0.93, 2.09) | 0.43 | 0.26 (−1.25, 1.77) | 0.72 |
| Mandibular skeletal | ||||||||||||
| Pogonion AP (mm) | 1.25 | 1.81 | 1.35 | 2.73 | 0.73 | 1.12 | 0.10 (−2.29, 2.49) | 0.99 | −0.52 (−2.74, 1.70) | 0.83 | −0.62 (−2.84, 1.60) | 0.77 |
| Pogonion SI (mm) | −4.88 | 2.70 | −5.09 | 2.63 | −3.72 | 2.86 | −0.22 (−3.65, 3.21) | 0.99 | 1.16 (−2.03, 4.35) | 0.64 | 1.37 (−1.82, 4.56) | 0.54 |
| B Point AP (mm) | 0.70 | 1.28 | 1.01 | 2.23 | 0.56 | 1.17 | 0.31 (−1.32, 1.94) | 0.70 | −0.14 (−1.66, 1.37) | 0.84 | −0.45 (−1.97, 1.06) | 0.54 |
| B point SI (mm) | −5.82 | 2.68 | −5.98 | 2.02 | −3.23 | 2.47 | −0.16 (−2.65, 2.33) | 0.89 | 2.59 (0.28, 4.91) | 0.03* | 2.75 (0.44, 5.07) | 0.02* |
| Right mandibular length (Co-Gn) (mm) | 5.65 | 2.81 | 5.68 | 2.57 | 3.35 | 2.36 | 0.03 (−2.61, 2.67) | 0.98 | −2.30 (−4.75, 0.16) | 0.07 | −2.32 (−4.78, −0.13) | 0.06 |
| Left mandibular length (Co-Gn) (mm) | 4.93 | 2.26 | 5.14 | 1.33 | 3.24 | 2.54 | 0.21 (−2.03, 2.44) | 0.85 | −1.70 (−3.77, 0.38) | 0.10 | −1.90 (−3.98, 0.17) | 0.07 |
| Right ramus height (Co-Go’) (mm) | 4.19 | 2.14 | 3.44 | 1.66 | 2.87 | 2.46 | −0.75 (−2.98, 1.48) | 0.49 | −1.31 (−3.38, 0.76) | 0.20 | −0.56 (−2.63, 1.51) | 0.58 |
| Left ramus height (Co-Go’) (mm) | 3.75 | 1.71 | 3.81 | 1.56 | 3.07 | 2.60 | 0.05 (−2.11, 2.21) | 0.96 | −0.69 (−2.70, 1.32) | 0.49 | −0.74 (−2.75, 1.27) | 0.45 |
| Right corpus length (Go-Gn) (mm) | 3.18 | 1.77 | 3.74 | 1.54 | 2.28 | 2.56 | 0.56 (−1.60, 2.70) | 0.60 | −0.90 (−2.90, 1.10) | 0.36 | −1.45 (−3.45, 0.54) | 0.15 |
| Left corpus length (Go-Gn) (mm) | 3.15 | 1.61 | 3.26 | 1.39 | 1.86 | 1.70 | 0.1 1 (−1.53, 1.75) | 0.89 | −1.29 (−2.82, 0.23) | 0.09 | −1.40 (−2.93, 0.12) | 0.07 |
| Right gonial angle (Co-Go-Me) (_) | −0.78 | 1.41 | 0.46 | 1.28 | −1.13 | 1.52 | 1.24 (−0.23, 2.70) | 0.10 | −0.35 (_1.72, 1.00) | 0.60 | −1.59 (−2.95, −0.22) | 0.02* |
| Left gonial angle (Co-Go-Me) (°) | −0.42 | 0.77 | −0.05 | 1.65 | −0.40 | 0.92 | 0.37 (−0.81, 1.56) | 0.52 | 0.02 (−1.08, 1.12) | 0.97 | −0.35 (−1.45, 0.75) | 0.52 |
| Right FMPA (°) | 0.16 | 1.82 | −0.38 | 2.48 | −0.35 | 1.51 | −0.54 (−2.53, 1.45) | 0.58 | −0.52 (−2.36, 1.33) | 0.57 | 0.02 (−1.83, 1.87) | 0.98 |
| Left FMPA (°) | 0.50 | 1.41 | 0.17 | 1.60 | 0.26 | 1.07 | −0.33 (−1.72, 1.06) | 0.63 | −0.24 (−1.53, 1.05) | 0.70 | 0.09 (−1.20, 1.38) | 0.89 |
| Condyle/glenoid fossa skeletal | ||||||||||||
| Right anterior fossa AP (mm) | −1.55 | 1.50 | −0.75 | 0.90 | −0.30 | 0.46 | 0.79 (−0.23, 1.82) | 0.12 | 1.25 (0.30, 2.20) | 0.01* | 0.46 (−0.49, 1.41) | 0.33 |
| Right anterior fossa SI (mm) | −0.54 | 0.73 | −0.80 | 0.47 | −0.16 | 0.56 | −0.26 (−0.87, 0.35) | 0.39 | 0.38 (−0.19, 0.94) | 0.18 | 0.64(0.07, 1.20) | 0.03* |
| Left anterior fossa AP (mm) | −0.93 | 1.74 | −0.58 | 0.49 | −0.26 | 0.39 | 0.35 (−0.69, 1.39) | 0.50 | 0.67 (−0.30, 1.63) | 0.17 | 0.32 (−0.64, 1.29) | 0.50 |
| Left anterior fossa SI (mm) | −0.55 | 0.44 | −0.61 | 0.41 | −0.25 | 0.68 | −0.07 (−0.63, 0.50) | 0.81 | 0.30 (−0.22, 0.82) | 0.25 | 0.37 (−0.16, 0.89) | 0.16 |
| Right posterior fossa AP (mm) | −0.57 | 0.77 | −0.31 | 0.62 | −0.52 | 0.85 | 0.27 (−0.52, 1.05) | 0.50 | 0.05 (−0.68, 0.79) | 0.88 | −0.21 (−0.94, 0.52) | 0.56 |
| Right posterior fossa SI (mm) | 0.62 | 1.19 | 0.69 | 0.54 | 0.05 | 0.36 | 0.06 (−0.71, 0.83) | 0.87 | −0.57 (−1.29, 0.14) | 0.11 | −0.63 (−1.35, 0.08) | 0.08 |
| Left posterior fossa AP (mm) | −0.80 | 0.81 | −0.42 | 0.53 | −0.43 | 0.73 | 0.38 (−0.35, 1.11) | 0.29 | 0.38 (−0.30, 1.05) | 0.26 | 0.00 (−0.68, 0.67) | 0.99 |
| Left posterior fossa SI (mm) | 0.82 | 0.98 | −0.15 | 0.12 | 0.01 | 0.43 | −0.97 (−1.71, −0.24) | 0.01* | −0.81 (−1.49, −0.13 | 0.02* | 0.16 (−0.52, 0.84) | 0.63 |
| Right condylion AP (mm) | −0.61 | 0.87 | −0.32 | 1.64 | −0.22 | 0.58 | 0.30 (−0.81, 1.40) | 0.58 | 0.39 (−0.64, 1.42) | 0.44 | 0.09 (−0.93, 1.12) | 0.85 |
| Right condylion SI (mm) | −0.58 | 0.73 | −0.64 | 1.03 | 0.03 | 0.56 | −0.06 (−0.86, 0.74) | 0.88 | 0.61 (−0.13, 1.35) | 0.10 | 0.67 (−0.07, 1.41) | 0.08 |
| Left condylion AP (mm) | −0.60 | 1.31 | −0.07 | 0.65 | 0.12 | 0.65 | 0.53 (−0.40, 1.45) | 0.25 | 0.71 (−0.14, 1.57) | 0.10 | 0.19 (−0.67, 1.05) | 0.65 |
| Left condylion SI (mm) | −0.53 | 0.81 | −0.49 | 0.65 | 0.28 | 0.81 | 0.04 (−0.75, 0.83) | 0.92 | 0.81 (0.07, 1.54) | 0.03* | 0.77 (0.03, 1.50) | 0.04* |
| Right geometric center of condyle AP (mm) | −1.00 | 0.88 | −0.32 | 1.09 | −0.26 | 0.81 | 0.67 (−0.28, 1.62) | 0.16 | 0.73 (−0.15, 1.62) | 0.10 | 0.06 (−0.82, 0.94) | 0.89 |
| Right geometric center of condyle SI (mm) | −0.34 | 0.65 | −0.41 | 1.02 | −0.49 | 0.64 | −0.08 (−0.87, 0.72) | 0.84 | −0.16 (−0.90, 0.58) | 0.67 | −0.08 (−0.82, 0.66) | 0.83 |
| Left geometric center of condyle AP (mm) | −0.60 | 1.81 | −0.68 | 0.71 | −0.22 | 0.57 | −0.08 (−1.22, 1.07) | 0.89 | 0.39 (−0.68, 1.45) | 0.46 | 0.46 (−0.60, 1.53) | 0.38 |
| Left geometric center of condyle SI (mm) | −0.26 | 0.99 | −0.42 | 1.19 | 0.15 | 0.99 | −0.15 (−1.24, 0.93) | 0.77 | 0.41 (−0.59, 1.42) | 0.41 | 0.57 (−0.44, 1.57) | 0.26 |
AP, Antero-posterior (negative=posterior displacement, positive=anterior displacement); SI, Supero-inferior (negative=inferior displacement, positive=superior displacement).
*
Statistically significant at P<0.05 based on Fisher exact test.