Table 2.
Effects of suppressing individual cytokines in experimental models of hypertension
| Cytokine | Hypertension Model | Treatment/Immune Deficiency | Results | Reference Nos. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IFN-γ | ANG II infusion | IFN-γ−/− | Hypertension ameliorated (SBP: WT = 170 mmHg; IFN-γ−/− = 148 mmHg) | 125 |
| ANG II infusion | IFN-γ R−/− | Injury improved, hypertension unchanged | 164 | |
| TNF-α | ANG II infusion | TNF-α−/− | Hypertension ameliorated (MAP: WT = 151 mmHg; TNF-α−/− = 113 mmHg) | 252 |
| TNF-α−/− | Hypertension ameliorated (MAP: WT = 183 mmHg; TNF-α−/− = 166 mmHg) | 326 | ||
| dTGF | Etanercept | Injury improved, hypertension unchanged | 186 | |
| DOCA-salt | Etanercept | Injury improved, hypertension unchanged | 66 | |
| RANTES | ANG II infusion | RANTES−/− | Suppressed perivascular immune infiltration, improved endothelial dysfunction, hypertension unchanged | 183 |
| IL-1 | ANG II infusion | IL-1r−/− mice | Sustained (late) hypertension improved (MAP: WT = 180 mmHg; IL-1r−/− = 165 mmHg) | 328 |
| IL-4 | NZBF1 rats | Anti-IL-4 antibodies | Hypertension ameliorated (MAP: not treated = 87 mmHg; treated = 68 mmHg) | 285 |
| IL-6 | ANG II infusion | IL-6−/− mice | Hypertension ameliorated (MAP: WT = 160 mmHg; IL-6−/− = 134 mmHg) | 147 |
| DOCA-salt | IL-6−/− mice | Hypertension unchanged | 256 | |
| Cold-induced hypertension | IL-6 knockdown | Hypertension improved (MAP: WT = 140 mmHg; IL-6 deficient = 120 mmHg) | 38 | |
| IL-10 | ANG II infusion | IL-10−/− mice | Increased ROS and vascular dysfunction, hypertension unchanged | 55 |
| DOCA-salt treated pregnant (DSP) rats | Injections of IL-10 | Hypertension improved (SBP: DSP = 135 mmHg; DSP+IL-10 = 115 mmHg), endothelial dysfunction improved | 274 | |
| IL-17 | ANG II infusion | IL 17−/− mice | Late (>2 wk) hypertension ameliorated (MAP: WT = 150 mmHg; IL 17−/− = 128 mmHg) | 160 |
| DOCA-salt | Anti-IL-17 antibodies | Hypertension ameliorated (SBP: not treated = 150 mmHg; treated = 123 mmHg), mineralocorticoid receptor modulates inflammation | 2 | |
| DOCA-salt +ANG II | IL 17−/− mice | Hypertension unmodified/injury worse | 139 | |
| IL-17 administration | C57BL/6 mice | Blood pressure increment mediated by Rho-kinase | 192 |
SBP, systolic blood pressure; MAP, mean arterial pressure; WT, wild type with the corresponding hypertension model. See text for other definitions.