Table 2.

Carotenoid concentrations of mustard leaves at baby leaf (upper values in the cells) and mature (bottom values in the cells) stages.

Cultivar Name	β-Carotene	Violaxanthin	Neoxanthin	Lutein
	μmole/g DW
Amara	476 ± 26 c a	830 ± 32 bcd	213 ± 12 ab	1445 ± 88 a
	580 ± 108 c	1153 ± 185 abc	294 ± 51 a	1485 ± 289 ab
Dol San	931 ± 258 abc	838 ± 52 bcd	158 ± 8 bc	1261 ± 71 a
	1113 ± 163 ab	1093 ± 104 abc	299 ± 17 a	2039 ± 11 a
Garnet	912 ± 67 bc	654 ± 12 d	142 ± 3 c	1335 ± 55 a
	804 ± 50 bc	1056 ± 14 abc	273 ± 13 a	1637 ± 31 ab
Golden Frill	710 ± 58 bc	771 ± 23 cd	154 ± 3 bc	1388 ± 61 a
	664 ± 207 bc	957 ± 120 bc	268 ± 20 a	1582 ± 96 ab
Jeok	1438 ± 21 a	647 ± 30 d	192 ± 5 abc	1260 ± 40 a
	1386 ± 98 a	767 ± 80 c	272 ± 31 a	1901 ± 218 ab
Pacific Gold	696 ± 84 bc	1027 ± 10 ab	227 ± 8 a	1533 ± 23 a
	704 ± 20 bc	1461 ± 31 a	293 ± 9 a	1649 ± 48 ab
Red Giant	717 ± 94 bc	1114 ± 88 a	228 ± 30 a	1595 ± 118 a
	644 ± 21 bc	1205 ± 53 abc	272 ± 16 a	1458 ± 52 ab
Red Splendor	666 ± 24 bc	866 ± 24 bc	189 ± 6 abc	1375 ± 57 a
	637 ± 23 bc	1278 ± 115 ab	303 ± 28 a	1627 ± 193 ab
Ruby Streaks	675 ± 147 bc	879 ± 42 bc	182 ± 12 a	1239 ± 116 a
	863 ± 93 bc	992 ± 34 bc	267 ± 7 a	1655 ± 36 ab
Southern Giant Curled	1114 ± 44 ab	815 ± 39 cd	178 ± 11 abc	1557 ± 79 a
	573 ± 37 c	988 ± 38 bc	256 ± 9 a	1482 ± 62 ab
Suehling	782 ± 60 bc	869 ± 15 bc	185 ± 4 abc	1407 ± 73 a
	539 ± 12 c	1071 ± 68 abc	261 ± 26 a	1339 ± 84 b

^a Data are presented as mean ± standard error (total n = 3). Different letters next to number indicate that mean values were significantly different within cultivar at each physiological stage by Tukey’s HSD at p ≤ 0.05.