Table 5.

Plant essential oils with high repellency to Anopheles species.

Plant Species	Plant Organ	Extraction Method	Moquito	Test Method	Concentration (mg/cm2)	Protection Time (mn)	% Repellency	RD95 (mg/mat)	Ref.
Amyris balsamifera	NI	NI	An. stephensi	Human bait	0.5	480.0	100.0		[81]
Anethum graveolens	NI	NI	An. stephensi	Human bait	0.5	210.0	71.4		[81]
Aniba rosaeodora	NI	NI	An. stephensi	Human bait	0.5	390.0	4.8		[81]
Anthemis nobilis	NI	NI	An. stephensi	Human bait	0.5	480.0	76.2		[81]
Boswellia carteri			An. stephensi	Human bait	0.5	300.0	19.0		[81]
Cananga odorata	Flower	Steamd.	An. dirus	Human bait	0.2	24.0	92.0		[84]
Chamaemelum nobile	NI	NI	An. stephensi	Human bait	0.5	330.0	47.6		[81]
Cinnamomum camphora	NI	NI	An. stephensi	Human bait	0.5	480.0	42.8		[81]
Cinnamomum zeylanicum	NI	NI	An. stephensi	Human bait	0.5	480.0	100.0		[81]
Cinnamomum zeylanicum	Bark	Hydrod.	An. stephensi	Cage test				49.6	[36]
Citrus limon	NI	NI	An. stephensi	Human bait	0.5	420.0	9.5		[81]
Citrus sinensis	Fruit	Steamd.	An. dirus	Human bait	0.21	24	84		[84]
Curcuma longa	Rhizome	Hydrod.	An. stephensi	Cage test				93.7	[36]
Cymbopogon citratus	Leaf and stem	Steamd.	An. dirus	Human bait	0.2	132.0	98.0		[84]
Cymbopogon citratus	NI	NI	An. stephensi	Human bait	0.5	480.0	100.0		[81]
Cymbopogon nardus	Leaf	Steamd.	An. dirus	Human bait	0.2	90.0	98.0		[84]
Cymbopogon winterianus	NI	NI	An. stephensi	Human bait	0.5	480.0	52.4		[81]
DEET	NI	NI	An. stephensi	Human bait	0.5	480.0	100.0		[81]
Eucalyptus citriodora	Leaf	Steamd.	An. dirus	Human bait	0.2	30.0	86.0		[84]
Eucalyptus citriodora	NI	NI	An. stephensi	Human bait	0.5	480.0	52.4		[81]
Eucalyptus dives	NI	NI	An. stephensi	Human bait	0.5	480.0	38.1		[81]
Eucalyptus globulus	NI	NI	An. stephensi	Human bait	0.5	330.0	28.6		[81]
Eucalyptus radiata	NI	NI	An. stephensi	Human bait	0.5	480.0	42.8		[81]
Ferula galbaniflua	NI	NI	An. stephensi	Human bait	0.5	480.0	100.0		[81]
Glycina max	NI	NI	An. stephensi	Human bait	0.5	480.0	76.2		[81]
Glycina soja	NI	NI	An. stephensi	Human bait	0.5	480.0	9.5		[81]
Helichrysum italicum	NI	NI	An. stephensi	Human bait	0.5	360.0	47.6		[81]
Jasminum grandiflorum	NI	NI	An. stephensi	Human bait	0.5	480.0	100.0		[81]
Juniperus communis	NI	NI	An. stephensi	Human bait	0.5	480.0	76.2		[81]
Juniperus virginiana	NI	NI	An. stephensi	Human bait	0.5	480.0	38.1		[81]
Lavandula angustifolia	NI	NI	An. stephensi	Human bait	0.5	480.0	80.9		[81]
Lippia citriodora	NI	NI	An. stephensi	Human bait	0.5	330.0	38.1		[81]
Litsea cubeba	NI	NI	An. stephensi	Human bait	0.5	480.0	100.0		[81]
Melaleuca leucadendron	NI	NI	An. stephensi	Human bait	0.5	480.0	100.0		[81]
Melaleuca quinquenervia	NI	NI	An. stephensi	Human bait	0.5	480.0	100.0		[81]
Mentha piperita	NI	NI	An. stephensi	Human bait	0.5	390.0	57.1		[81]
Myrtus communis	NI	NI	An. stephensi	Human bait	0.5	390.0	42.8		[81]
Nepeta cataria	NI	NI	An. stephensi	Human bait	0.5	480.0	100.0		[81]
Ocimum basilicum	Leaf	Hydrod.	An. stephensi	Cage test				75.0	[36]
Ocimum basilicum	Leaf	Steamd.	An. dirus	Human bait	0.2	96.0	96.0		[84]
Ocimum basilicum	NI	NI	An. stephensi	Human bait	0.5	210.0	66.7		[81]
Olea europaea	NI	NI	An. stephensi	Human bait	0.5	480.0	71.4		[81]
Pelargonium graveolens	NI	NI	An. stephensi	Human bait	0.5	480.0	61.9		[81]
Picea excelsa	NI	NI	An. stephensi	Human bait	0.5	180.0	19.0		[81]
Pimpinella anisum	Seed	Hydrod.	An. stephensi	Cage test				154.1	[36]
Piper nigrum	NI	NI	An. stephensi	Human bait	0.5	180.0	61.9		[81]
Rosmarinus officinalis	Shoot	Hydrod.	An. stephensi	Cage test				38.9	[36]
Rosmarinus officinalis	NI	NI	An. stephensi	Human bait	0.5	480.0	100.0		[81]
Salvia sclarea	NI	NI	An. stephensi	Human bait	0.5	300.0	19.0		[81]
Santalum album	NI	NI	An. stephensi	Human bait	0.5	480.0	100.0		[81]
Syzygium aromaticum	Flower	Steamd.	An. dirus	Human bait	0.2	96.0	98.0		[84]
Tagetes minuta	NI	NI	An. stephensi	Human bait	0.5	480.0	100.0		[81]
Thymus serpyllum	NI	NI	An. stephensi	Human bait	0.5	450.0	33.3		[81]
Viola odorata	NI	NI	An. stephensi	Human bait	0.5	480.0	100.0		[81]

DEET: N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzanmide, used as repellent positive control; RD₅₀ and RD₉₅ are the doses that repel 50% and 95% of adults, respectively [44].