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. 2017 Sep 22;22(10):1321. doi: 10.3390/molecules22101321

Table 5.

Plant essential oils with high repellency to Anopheles species.

Plant Species Plant Organ Extraction Method Moquito Test Method Concentration (mg/cm2) Protection Time (mn) % Repellency RD95 (mg/mat) Ref.
Amyris balsamifera NI NI An. stephensi Human bait 0.5 480.0 100.0 [81]
Anethum graveolens NI NI An. stephensi Human bait 0.5 210.0 71.4 [81]
Aniba rosaeodora NI NI An. stephensi Human bait 0.5 390.0 4.8 [81]
Anthemis nobilis NI NI An. stephensi Human bait 0.5 480.0 76.2 [81]
Boswellia carteri An. stephensi Human bait 0.5 300.0 19.0 [81]
Cananga odorata Flower Steamd. An. dirus Human bait 0.2 24.0 92.0 [84]
Chamaemelum nobile NI NI An. stephensi Human bait 0.5 330.0 47.6 [81]
Cinnamomum camphora NI NI An. stephensi Human bait 0.5 480.0 42.8 [81]
Cinnamomum zeylanicum NI NI An. stephensi Human bait 0.5 480.0 100.0 [81]
Cinnamomum zeylanicum Bark Hydrod. An. stephensi Cage test 49.6 [36]
Citrus limon NI NI An. stephensi Human bait 0.5 420.0 9.5 [81]
Citrus sinensis Fruit Steamd. An. dirus Human bait 0.21 24 84 [84]
Curcuma longa Rhizome Hydrod. An. stephensi Cage test 93.7 [36]
Cymbopogon citratus Leaf and stem Steamd. An. dirus Human bait 0.2 132.0 98.0 [84]
Cymbopogon citratus NI NI An. stephensi Human bait 0.5 480.0 100.0 [81]
Cymbopogon nardus Leaf Steamd. An. dirus Human bait 0.2 90.0 98.0 [84]
Cymbopogon winterianus NI NI An. stephensi Human bait 0.5 480.0 52.4 [81]
DEET NI NI An. stephensi Human bait 0.5 480.0 100.0 [81]
Eucalyptus citriodora Leaf Steamd. An. dirus Human bait 0.2 30.0 86.0 [84]
Eucalyptus citriodora NI NI An. stephensi Human bait 0.5 480.0 52.4 [81]
Eucalyptus dives NI NI An. stephensi Human bait 0.5 480.0 38.1 [81]
Eucalyptus globulus NI NI An. stephensi Human bait 0.5 330.0 28.6 [81]
Eucalyptus radiata NI NI An. stephensi Human bait 0.5 480.0 42.8 [81]
Ferula galbaniflua NI NI An. stephensi Human bait 0.5 480.0 100.0 [81]
Glycina max NI NI An. stephensi Human bait 0.5 480.0 76.2 [81]
Glycina soja NI NI An. stephensi Human bait 0.5 480.0 9.5 [81]
Helichrysum italicum NI NI An. stephensi Human bait 0.5 360.0 47.6 [81]
Jasminum grandiflorum NI NI An. stephensi Human bait 0.5 480.0 100.0 [81]
Juniperus communis NI NI An. stephensi Human bait 0.5 480.0 76.2 [81]
Juniperus virginiana NI NI An. stephensi Human bait 0.5 480.0 38.1 [81]
Lavandula angustifolia NI NI An. stephensi Human bait 0.5 480.0 80.9 [81]
Lippia citriodora NI NI An. stephensi Human bait 0.5 330.0 38.1 [81]
Litsea cubeba NI NI An. stephensi Human bait 0.5 480.0 100.0 [81]
Melaleuca leucadendron NI NI An. stephensi Human bait 0.5 480.0 100.0 [81]
Melaleuca quinquenervia NI NI An. stephensi Human bait 0.5 480.0 100.0 [81]
Mentha piperita NI NI An. stephensi Human bait 0.5 390.0 57.1 [81]
Myrtus communis NI NI An. stephensi Human bait 0.5 390.0 42.8 [81]
Nepeta cataria NI NI An. stephensi Human bait 0.5 480.0 100.0 [81]
Ocimum basilicum Leaf Hydrod. An. stephensi Cage test 75.0 [36]
Ocimum basilicum Leaf Steamd. An. dirus Human bait 0.2 96.0 96.0 [84]
Ocimum basilicum NI NI An. stephensi Human bait 0.5 210.0 66.7 [81]
Olea europaea NI NI An. stephensi Human bait 0.5 480.0 71.4 [81]
Pelargonium graveolens NI NI An. stephensi Human bait 0.5 480.0 61.9 [81]
Picea excelsa NI NI An. stephensi Human bait 0.5 180.0 19.0 [81]
Pimpinella anisum Seed Hydrod. An. stephensi Cage test 154.1 [36]
Piper nigrum NI NI An. stephensi Human bait 0.5 180.0 61.9 [81]
Rosmarinus officinalis Shoot Hydrod. An. stephensi Cage test 38.9 [36]
Rosmarinus officinalis NI NI An. stephensi Human bait 0.5 480.0 100.0 [81]
Salvia sclarea NI NI An. stephensi Human bait 0.5 300.0 19.0 [81]
Santalum album NI NI An. stephensi Human bait 0.5 480.0 100.0 [81]
Syzygium aromaticum Flower Steamd. An. dirus Human bait 0.2 96.0 98.0 [84]
Tagetes minuta NI NI An. stephensi Human bait 0.5 480.0 100.0 [81]
Thymus serpyllum NI NI An. stephensi Human bait 0.5 450.0 33.3 [81]
Viola odorata NI NI An. stephensi Human bait 0.5 480.0 100.0 [81]

DEET: N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzanmide, used as repellent positive control; RD50 and RD95 are the doses that repel 50% and 95% of adults, respectively [44].