Table 2.
Inhibition of the pro-inflammatory enzymes (LOX, COX-1/COX-2 and sPLA2) and metabolic syndrome-associated enzymes (α-glucosidase and lipase) by G. decorticans fruit PEEs. Data are reported as IC50 values or % inhibition (at 50 μg/mL for COX-1/ COX-2, 200 μg/mL for PLA2 and 100 μg/mL for lipase).
| Collection Place | LOX IC50 (μg PEE/mL) | COX-1% Inhibition | COX-2% Inhibition | sPLA2% Inhibition or IC50 (μg PEE/mL) | α-Glucosidase IC50 (µg PEE/mL) | Lipase% of Inhibition or IC50 (µg PEE/mL) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Provincia de Chañaral | ||||||
| Diego de Almagro | 60.1 ± 3.2 a,b | 61.8 ± 1.3 a | 60.5 ± 1.2 a | 98.9 ± 0.8 a | 4.7 ± 0.0 a | 17.1 ± 0.9 # |
| Inca de Oro | 61.2 ± 4.4 a,b | 80.9 ± 1.2 b | 18.9 ± 1.2 b | 142.9 ± 4.9 b | 4.5 ± 0.3 a | 9.9 ± 0.7 a |
| Provincia de Copiapó | ||||||
| Copiapó (turning) | 51.8 ± 1.6 a,c | 74.8 ± 1.5 c | 12.9 ± 0.2 c | 38.1 ± 1.9 # | 2.1 ± 0.1 b | 66.0 ± 1.9 b |
| Copiapó (ripe) | 53.1 ± 1.7 a,b | 92.1 ± 1.3 d | 55.5 ± 0.6 d | 42.8 ± 1.5 # | 0.8 ± 0.0 c | 29.7 ± 3.0 # |
| Provincia de Huasco | ||||||
| Alto del Carmen | 43.6 ± 3.2 c | Inactive | 25.9 ± 0.6 e | 156.0 ± 1.2 c | 0.7 ± 0.1 c | 14.2 ± 0.1 c |
| El Transito (1) | 74.0 ± 3.6 d | Inactive | 51.3 ± 0.4 f | 39.9 ± 0.1 # | 5.0 ± 0.3 a | 33.6 ± 3.4 # |
| El Transito (2) | >100 | 70.1 ± 1.2 e | 31.2 ± 0.6 g | 34.7 ± 0.1 # | 7.3 ± 0.4 d | 34.9 ± 3.5 # |
| Pinte | 96.8 ± 1.8 e | 87.3 ± 1.3 f | Inactive | 34.6 ± 0.3 # | 4.9 ± 0.1 a | 0.0 # |
| Conay | 76.8 ± 2.8 d,e | 80.8 ± 1.1 d,f | 76.0 ± 0.9 h | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
| Caffeic acid * | 37.2 ± 2.0 | |||||
| Nimesulide * | 100 | 100 | ||||
| Ursolic acid * | 26.7 ± 0.7# | |||||
| Acarbose * | 120.9 ± 2.0 | |||||
| Orlistat * | 0.04 ± 0.00 |
* Reference compounds; n.d.: not determined. # % of inhibition. Different letters (a–h) in the same column show significant differences with each sample, according to Tukey’s test (p < 0.05).