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. 2018 Sep 10;2018:4020294. doi: 10.1155/2018/4020294

Table 7.

Antibiotic resistance modulatory activity of broad bean extract of Theobroma cacao.

Antibiotics Extract concentration Bacteria MIC (μg/mL) and modulating factors (in bracket)
E. coli E. aerogenes K. pneumoniae P. stuartii P. aeruginosa Modulating effect (%)
AG102 AG100Atet EA27 EA289 KP55 KP63 PS2636 NEA16 PA01 PA124
CHL 64 8 64 64 64 64 32 64 64 32
CMI/2 32 (2) 8 (1) 32 (2) 128 (0.5) 128 (0.5) 16 (4) 8 (4) 16 (4) 64 (1) 32 (1) 50.00
CMI/4 32 (2) 8 (1) 32 (2) 128 (0.5) 128 (0.5) 64 (1) 8 (4) 16 (4) 64 (1) 32 (1) 40.00
KAN 0 32 4 16 32 64 64 8 32 16 64
CMI/2 16 (2) 4 (1) 8 (2) 64 (1) 64 (1) 64 (1) 2 (4) 8 (4) 16 (1) 32 (2) 50.00
CMI/4 16 (2) 4 (1) 8 (2) 64 (1) 64 (1) 64 (1) 4 (2) 16 (2) 16 (1) 32 (2) 50.00
STP 0 128 256 256 64 64 256 >256 16 256 64
CMI/2 128 (1) - (na) 256 (1) 64 (1) 32(2) 128(2) 32(<8) 16 (1) 256 (1) 32 (2) 40.00
CMI/4 128 (1) - (na) 256 (1) 128(2) 32(2) 256(1) 16(<16) 16(1) 256 (1) 32 (2) 40.00
CIP 0 8 1 1 1 8 1 4 2 2 16
CMI/2 4 (2) 1(1) 1 (1) 0.5 (2) 16 (0.5) 0.5 (2) <0.5(<8) 2 (1) 0.5 (4) 8(2) 60.00
CMI/4 4 (2) 1(1) 2 (1) 1(1) 16 (0.5) 0.5 (2) <0.5(<8) 4 (0.5) 1 (2) 8(2) 40.00
TET 0 8 < 0.5 64 32 16 32 4 32 16 16
CMI/2 8(1) < 0.5 (na) 64 (1) 16 (2) 16 (2) 8(4) 0.5 (8) 4 (8) 8 (2) 8(2) 70.00
CMI/4 8(1) < 0.5 (na) 64 (1) 32 (1) 16(1) 16 (2) 0.5 (8) 4 (8) 4 (4) 8(2) 50.00
ERY 0 64 8 16 64 64 32 16 32 16 32
CMI/2 32 (2) 8 (1) 8 (2) 128 (0.5) 16 (4) 8 (4) 16 (1) 4 (8) 16 (1) 16 (2) 60.00
CMI/4 32 (2) 8 (1) 16 (1) 128 (0.5) 32(2) 16 (2) 16 (1) 16 (2) 16 (1) 16 (2) 50.00

CHL: chloramphenicol, KAN: kanamycin, STP: streptomycin, CIP: ciprofloxacin, TET: tetracycline, ERY: erythromycin; −: MIC not detected at up to 256 μg/mL; ( ): modulating factor; MIC: minimal inhibitory concentration; values in bold represent modulating factor ≥ 2.