| DM | Diabetes mellitus |
| DOWE | Dendrobium officinale water extract |
| HWE | High-dose water extract |
| LWE | Low-dose water extract |
| NMR | Nuclear magnetic resonance |
| PAS | Periodic acid-Schiff |
| PLS-DA | Partial least squares-discriminant analysis |
| STZ | Streptozotocin |
| DM | Diabetes mellitus |
| DOWE | Dendrobium officinale water extract |
| HWE | High-dose water extract |
| LWE | Low-dose water extract |
| NMR | Nuclear magnetic resonance |
| PAS | Periodic acid-Schiff |
| PLS-DA | Partial least squares-discriminant analysis |
| STZ | Streptozotocin |