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. 2017 Oct 7;22(10):1669. doi: 10.3390/molecules22101669

Figure 3.

Figure 3

(A) Effects of rosmarinic acid (RA), rosemary extract (RE), insulin (I) and metformin (MET) on glucose uptake. Serum-deprived L6 myotubes were incubated without (control, C) or with 5 µM RA (4 h), 5 µg/mL RE (4 h), 100 nM I (0.5 h) or 2 mM MET (2 h) followed by 2-deoxy-d-glucose uptake measurements. Results are the mean ± SE of 5 independent experiments. *** p < 0.001, vs control. (B) Effect of rosmarinic acid (RA) on insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. Serum-deprived L6 myotubes were incubated without or with 5 μM RA (4 h) followed by stimulation with 3 nM or 100 nM insulin for 0.5 h and glucose uptake measurements. Results are the mean ± SE of 3–4 independent experiments. *** p < 0.001, vs. control, # p < 0.05 vs. insulin alone.