TAMs induce the EMT of HNSCC cells. Cal27 cells were labeled by carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester, then added to the dishes that M2-macrophages had been seeded in for 24 h. Following co-culture for 24 h, the cells were sorted by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. (A-C) Western blot analysis of the expression of EMT-associated proteins (E-cadherin, N-cadherin, α-SMA, Vimentin, Slug, Snail and Twist) in HNSCC cells: (A) Cal27, (B) SCC25 and (C) Fadu cells were co-cultured with TAMs and TAM-CM. GADPH was used as an internal control. (D-F) Statistical analysis of EMT-associated protein expression of (D) Cal27, (E) SCC25 and (F) Fadu cells in the co-culture system. (G) The migratory and invasive abilities of Cal27 cells were measured by wound healing and Transwell assay (magnification, ×200). Data are expressed as the mean ± standard error of the mean. *P<0.05, **P<0.01 and ***P<0.001 vs. the associated control. TAMs, tumor associated macrophages; EMT, epithelial to mesenchymal transition; α-SMA, α-smooth muscle actin; CM, conditional media.