Table 3. Differences in characteristics of those who would and would not ‘definitely/probably’ ask a doctor for antibiotics more often after receiving information about AMR, United Kingdom, 2015 (n = 1,991).
| Would ‘definitely/probably’ ask doctor for antibiotics more often | ‘No change’ or would ‘definitely/probably’ ask doctor for antibiotics less often | Univariablea | Multivariableb | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographic data | ||||||||
| N with data | n | % | N with data | n | % | p value | p value | |
| Male | 302 | 174 | 57.6 | 1,687 | 781 | 46.3 | 0.0003 | 0.04 |
| White | 300 | 233 | 77.7 | 1,674 | 1532 | 91.5 | < 0.0001 | 0.60 |
| Christian | 293 | 143 | 48.8 | 1,645 | 848 | 51.6 | 0.39 | 0.50 |
| Higher education | 301 | 156 | 51.8 | 1,676 | 769 | 45.9 | 0.06 | 0.74 |
| Unemployed | 303 | 13 | 4.3 | 1,688 | 84 | 5.0 | 0.61 | 0.74 |
| Sick/disabled | 303 | 11 | 3.6 | 1,688 | 69 | 4.1 | 0.71 | 0.11 |
| Married/partnered | 303 | 221 | 72.9 | 1,688 | 1089 | 64.5 | 0.004 | 0.03 |
| United Kingdom-born | 303 | 262 | 86.5 | 1,688 | 1,535 | 90.9 | 0.02 | 0.96 |
| N with data | Mean | SD | N with data | Mean | SD | p value | p value | |
| Age (years) | 303 | 35 | 11.6 | 1,688 | 46 | 15.8 | < 0.0001 | 0.47 |
| Household income | 287 | EUR 30,793 | EUR 26,049 | 1,539 | EUR 31,226 | EUR 25,492 | 0.80 | 0.30 |
| Own self-rated health (0–10) | 303 | 7.0 | 2.0 | 1,688 | 7.4 | 2.0 | 0.0009 | 0.08 |
| Personality | ||||||||
| Extraversion | 303 | 6.0 | 1.4 | 1,688 | 5.9 | 2.0 | 0.23 | 0.26 |
| Agreeableness | 303 | 6.9 | 1.5 | 1,688 | 7.0 | 1.6 | 0.53 | 0.82 |
| Conscientiousness | 303 | 7.1 | 1.7 | 1,688 | 7.8 | 1.7 | < 0.0001 | 0.27 |
| Neuroticism | 303 | 5.8 | 1.7 | 1,688 | 5.8 | 2.2 | 0.92 | 0.85 |
| Openness | 303 | 6.4 | 1.4 | 1,688 | 6.9 | 1.7 | < 0.0001 | 0.002 |
| Risk and time preferences | ||||||||
| Risk aversion | 130 | 1.6 | 2.5 | 1,027 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 0.0003 | 0.11 |
| N with data | n | % | N with data | n | % | p value | p value | |
| Very low discounter | 139 | 7 | 5.0 | 1,038 | 342 | 32.9 | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 |
| Attitudes to antibiotics and ILI | ||||||||
| Surprised by AMR information | 303 | 272 | 89.8 | 1,688 | 415 | 24.6 | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 |
| Believe antibiotics would help Health State A | 303 | 232 | 76.6 | 1,688 | 514 | 30.5 | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 |
| Taken antibiotics for Health State A in last 12 months | 303 | 169 | 55.8 | 1,688 | 245 | 14.5 | < 0.0001 | ND |
| N with data | Mean | SD | N with data | Mean | SD | p value | p value | |
| Health State A rating | 303 | 6.3 | 2.3 | 1,688 | 5.5 | 2.1 | < 0.0001 | ND |
AMR: antimicrobial resistance; ILI: influenza-like illness; ND: not done; SD: standard deviation.
a t-test for continuous and chi-squared test for categorical factors.
b From a multivariable probit model including all factors. Model coefficients and further details are available in Supplement 2, Table 2.5, final column.