Table 2.
Carbon nanotube-based biosensors for cancer biomarkers.
| Nanomaterials Used | Electrode | Transduction Method | Analyte | Detection Range | LOD | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SWCNTs | SPE | impedimetry | hCG | 0.01–100 ng mL−1 | - | [75] |
| aptamer/MWCNTs | SPE | impedimetry | mucine | 0.1–2 U mL−1 | 0.02 U mL−1 | [76] |
| PEDOT/CNTs | filter paper | amperometry | CEA | 2–15 ng mL−1 | 1 ng mL−1 | [77] |
| MWCNTs | GCE | voltammetry | si-Gly | 10 fg·mL−1–50 ng mL−1 | 3 fg mL−1 | [78] |
| MWCNTs/ZnO | GCE | voltammetry | CA125 | 0.001–1000 U mL−1 | 0.00113 U mL−1 | [79] |
| aligned SWCNTs | PGE | amperometry | MMP-3 | 4–300 pg mL−1 | 4 pg mL−1 | [80] |
| antibody/CNTs | FET | I-VG | OPN | 0.001–1000 ng mL−1 | 1 pg mL−1 | [84] |
| SWCNTs | FET | ID-VD | CRP | 0.0001–100 μg mL−1 | 0.1 ng mL−1 | [85] |
| Con A/MWCNTs | GCE | voltammetry | QGY-7703 | 100–100,000 cells mL−1 | 40 cells mL−1 | [86] |
| ferritin/MWCNTs | AuE | voltammetry | CA153 | 0.05–100 U mL−1 | 0.009 U mL−1 | [87] |
| HRP/MWCNTs | AuE | voltammetry | PSA | 0.001–10 ng mL−1 | 0.4 pg mL−1 | [88] |
| GOx/CNHs | GCE | voltammetry | AFP | 0.001–60 ng mL−1 | 0.33 pg mL−1 | [89] |
| nano Au/CNHs | SPE | voltammetry | AFP | 0.1–1000 pg mL−1 | 0.07 pg mL−1 | [90] |
SWCNTs: single-wall carbon nanotube, PEDOT: poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), SPE: screen-printed electrode, HRP: horseradish peroxidase, CNHs: carbon nanohorn, PGE: pyrolytic graphite electrode, FET: field effect transistor, VG: gate voltage, ID: drain current, VD: drain voltage, hCG: human chorionic gonadotropin, si-Gly: α2,3-sialylated glycans, MMP-3: matrix metalloproteinase-3, OPN: osteopontin, CRP: C-reactive protein, QGY-7730: human liver cancer cell, CA153: carbohydrate antigen 15-3.