Table 17.
Chemical Constituents from the Genus Alnus.
| No. | Compound Class and Name | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Diarylheptanoids | |||
| 1 | yashabushidiol A | A. sieboldiana, Alnus fruticosa Rupr., Alnus mandshurica (Callier) Hand.-Mazz | [2,67,68] |
| 2 | yashabushidiol B | A. sieboldiana, A. fruticosa, A. mandshurica | [2,67,68] |
| 3 | yashabushitriol | A. sieboldiana | [2,68] |
| 4 | (+)-hannokinol | A. hirsuta, A. japonica | [35,69] |
| 5 | (−)-centrolobol | Alnus formosana Burk., A. nepalensis, A. acuminata, A. hirsuta | [31,57,70,71] |
| 6 | (±)-7-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-heptanol | A. formosana | [70] |
| 7 | rubranol | A. hirsuta, A. japonica, A. rubra, A. formosana | [2,23,69,70,72] |
| 8 | 1-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-7-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3 (R)-heptanol | A. formosana | [70] |
| 9 | (3R,5S)-1,7-bis-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxylheptane-5-O-β-d-xylopyranoside | A. japonica, A. glutinosa, A. incana | [11,73,74] |
| 10 | 5-hydroxy-1,7-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)heptan-3-yl β-d-apiofuranosyl-(1→6)-β-d-glucopyranoside | A. viridis | [42] |
| 11 | 1,7-di(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3(R)-β-d-xylosyloxyheptane. | A. formosana | [70] |
| 12 | rubranoside B | A. hirsuta, A. rubra, A. japonica, A. formosana, A. glutinosa | [2,4,69,70] |
| 13 | alnuside C | A. japonica | [75] |
| 14 | rubranoside A | A. hirsuta, A. japonica, A. rubra, A. incana, A. formosana, A. glutinosa | [2,3,4,70,73,74] |
| 15 | 7-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3(R)-β-d-glucosyloxyheptane | A. formosana | [70] |
| 16 | 1-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-7-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3(R)-β-d-glucosyloxyheptane | A. formosana, A. japonica | [70,75] |
| 17 | (1S,3R)-3-hydroxy-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]pentyl β-d-glucopyranoside | A. viridis | [76] |
| 18 | aceroside VII | A. hirsuta, A. formosana, A. glutinosa, A. viridis | [2,3,4,42,70] |
| 19 | aceroside VIII | A. hirsuta, A. viridis | [42,69] |
| 20 | (1S)-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]pentyl 6-O-α-L-arabinofuranosyl-β-d-glucopyranoside | A. viridis | [76] |
| 21 | (3R)-1,7-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)heptan-3-yl α-L-arabinofuranosyl-(1→6)-β-d-glucopyranoside | A. viridis | [42] |
| 22 | rubranoside C | A. japonica, A. hirsuta, A. rubra | [2,3,73] |
| 23 | rubranoside D | A. japonica. A. rubra | [2,73] |
| 24 | alnuside D | A. japonica | [75] |
| 25 | (3R)-1,7-bis-(4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-heptanol-3-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl(1→3)-β-d-xylopyranoside | A. hirsuta | [2,3] |
| 26 | 3(R)-1,7-di(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-O-β-d-[6-(E-3,4-dimethoxycinnamoyl glucopyranosyl)] heptane | A. glutinosa | [11] |
| 27 | 3(R)-1,7-di(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-O-β-d-[6-(Z-3,4-dimethoxycinnamoyl glucopyranosyl)] heptane | A. glutinosa | [11] |
| 28 | 3(R)-1,7-di(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-O-β-d-[6-(E-3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamoyl glucopyranosyl)] heptane | A. glutinosa | [11] |
| 29 | 1,7-bis-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-3-heptanone | A. nepalensis | [11] |
| 30 | yashabushiketodiol B | A. sieboldiana | [2,68] |
| 31 | yashabushiketodiol A | A. sieboldiana | [2,68] |
| 32 | dihydroyashabushiketol | A. firma, A. sieboldiana, A. maximowiczii | [2,54] |
| 33 | hirsutanonol | A. hirsuta, A. japonica, A. rubra, A. glutinosa, A. formosana, A. acuminata, A. serrulatoides | [11,13,57,70,77,78,79] |
| 34 | 5(S)-1-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-7-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxyheptane-3-one | A. japonica | [80] |
| 35 | 5(S)-1-(4-dihydroxyphenyl )-7-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxyheptane-3-one | A. japonica, A. nepalensis, A. hirsuta | [32,69,80] |
| 36 | hannokinin | A. japonica, A. nepalensis, A. hirsuta, A. firma | [16,32,41,69] |
| 37 | epihirsutanonol | A. japonica | [80] |
| 38 | 5(S)-O-methylhirsutanonol | A. japonica, A. glutinosa, A. formosana, A. nepalensis | [11,32,70,81] |
| 39 | alunheptanoid A | A. japonica | [63] |
| 40 | 5(S)-O-methylplatyphyllonol | A. japonica | [63] |
| 41 | 5(R)-O-methylhirsutanonol | A. japonica | [63] |
| 42 | 5-O-butylhirusutanonol | A. formosana | [70] |
| 43 | 5(S)-butyloxy-1,7-di(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1(E)-hepten-3-one | A. formosana | [70] |
| 44 | 5(S)-butyloxy-1,7-di(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-heptanone | A. formosana | [70] |
| 45 | alnuside A | A. japonica, A. serrulatoides, A. hirsuta, A. formosana, A. glutinosa, A. incana | [2,11,28,70,79,82] |
| 46 | alnuside B | A. japonica, A. serrulatoides, A. hirsuta, A. formosana, A. glutinosa, A. incana | [2,11,28,70,79,82] |
| 47 | platyphyllonol-5-O-β-d-xylopyranoside | A. rubra, A. hirsuta, A. japonica, A. glutinosa | [11,69,83,84] |
| 48 | oregonin | A. japonica, A. hirsuta, A. rubra, A. nepalensis, A. glutinosa, A. firma, A. formosana, A. incana, A. serrulatoides, A. pendula, A. tinctoria Sarg. | [2,4,41,70,74,79,85,86,87,88,89] |
| 49 | 5(S)-hirsutanonol-5-O-β-d-glucopyranoside | A. hirsuta, A. japonica, A. rubra, A. incana, A. formosana, A. serrulatoides, A. acuminata, A. nepalensis, A. glutinosa | [2,3,11,57,70,74,79,84,86,88] |
| 50 | platyphylloside | A. japonica, A. hirsuta, A. glutinosa, A. formosana, A. pendula, A. firma, A. incana, A. nepalensis, A. rubra, A. viridis | [2,3,11,24,41,73,84,87,88,90,91] |
| 51 | (5S)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-5-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-heptan-3-one | A. glutinosa | [4] |
| 52 | 1-(3′,4′-dihydroxypheny1)-7-(4′′-hydroxypheny1)-5-O-β-d-glucopyranosylheptan-3-one | A. rubra | [72] |
| 53 | (5S)-5-hydroxy-1,7-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-heptanone-5-O-β-d-apiofuranosyl-(1→6)-β-d-glucopyranoside | A. hirsuta, A. viridis | [42,69] |
| 54 | (3S)-1,7-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-oxoheptan-3-yl 6-O-galloyl-β-d-glucopyranoside | A. viridis | [42] |
| 55 | oregonoyl A | A. japonica, A. formosana | [2,70,83] |
| 56 | oregonoyl B | A. japonica | [2,83] |
| 57 | hirsutanonol 5-O-(6-O-galloyl)-β-d-glucopyranoside | A. japonica | [2,92] |
| 58 | 2′′′-O-benzoyl-oregonin | A. formosana | [70] |
| 59 | 2′′′-O-cinnamoyl-oregonin | A. formosana | [70] |
| 60 | oregonoside A | A. rubra | [78] |
| 61 | oregonoside B | A. rubra | [78] |
| 62 | 5(S)-1,7-di(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-O-β-d-[6-(E-p-coumaroyl glucopyranosyl)]heptane-3-one | A. glutinosa | [11] |
| 63 | 5(S)-1,7-di(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-O-β-d-[6-(E-3,4-dimethoxycinnamoyl glucopyranosyl)]heptane-3-one | A. glutinosa | [11] |
| 64 | 5(S)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-O-β-d-[6-(E-3,4-dimethoxycinnamoyl glucopyranosyl)]heptane-3-one | A. glutinosa | [11] |
| 65 | 5(S)-1-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-7-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-O-β-d-[6-(Z-3,4-dimethoxycinnamoyl glucopyranosyl)]heptane-3-one | A. glutinosa | [11] |
| 66 | 5(S)-1,7-di(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-O-β-d-[6-(E-p-coumaroyl glucopyranosyl)]heptane-3-one | A. glutinosa | [11] |
| 67 | 5(S)-1,7-di(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-O-β-d-[6-(Z-3,4-dimethoxycinnamoyl glucopyranosyl)] heptane-3-one | A. glutinosa | [11] |
| 68 | 5(S)-1,7-di(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-O-β-d-[6-(E-3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamoyl glucopyranosyl)] heptane-3-one | A. glutinosa | [11] |
| 69 | 5(S)-1,7-di(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-O-β-d-[6-(E-3,4-dimethoxycinnamoyl glucopyranosyl)] heptane-3-one | A. glutinosa | [11] |
| 70 | 2′′′-O-(2-methylbutanoyl)-oregonin | A. formosana | [70] |
| 71 | 1,7-bis-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-3-heptanone-5-O-[2-(2-methylbutenoyl)]-β-d-xylopyranoside | A. japonica | [2,28] |
| 72 | 1,7-diphenylhept-3-en-5-one | A. maximowiczii | [2] |
| 73 | hirsutenone | A. japonica, A. hirsuta, A. pendula, A. nepalensis, A. glutinosa, A. firma, A. formosana, A. acuminata | [2,8,11,28,41,57,69,70,87] |
| 74 | platyphyllenone | A. hirsuta, A. japonica, A. formosana, A. rubra A. acuminata, A. viridis | [2,3,16,42,57,70,93] |
| 75 | 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4-hepten-3-one | A. hirsuta | [2,30] |
| 76 | 1-(3′,4′-dihydroxyphenyl)-7-(4′′-hydroxyphenyl)-4-hepten-3-one | A. japonica, A. rubra | [2,16,93] |
| 77 | alusenone | A. japonica | [2,13] |
| 78 | nitidone A | Alnus nitida Endl. | [94] |
| 79 | nitidone B | Alnus nitida Endl. | [94] |
| 80 | yashabushiketol | A. firma, A. sieboldiana, A. hirsuta | [2,71,95,96] |
| 81 | (5S)-hydroxy-1-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-7-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-hepta-1E-en-3-one | A. hirsuta | [69] |
| 82 | alnustone | A. pendula, A. japonica | [2,35] |
| 83 | 1,7-bis-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-hepta-4E,6E-dien-3-one | A. hirsuta | [69] |
| 84 | 1,4-hepta-dien-3-one-1,7-bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-(1E,4E) | A. hirsuta | [69] |
| 85 | 1,7-diphenylheptane-3,5-dione | A. maximowiczii | [2,53] |
| 86 | 1,7-diphenylhept-1-ene-3,5-dione | A. maximowiczii | [2,53] |
| 87 | rhoiptelol B | A. hirsuta | [2,30] |
| 88 | 1,5-epoxy-1-(3′,4′-dihydroxyphenyl)-7-(4′′-hydroxyphenyl)heptane | A. nepalensis | [31] |
| 89 | alnus dimer | A. nepalensis | [32] |
| 90 | trans-rhoiptelol | A. hirsuta | [2,9,30] |
| 91 | myricatomentogenin | A. hirsuta | [2,9,30] |
| 92 | acerogenin L | A. japonica | [2,34] |
| 93 | garugamblin-3 | A. japonica | [2,34] |
| 94 | alnusoxide | A. japonica | [35] |
| 95 | alnusonol | A. japonica, A. hirsuta, A. sieboldiana | [35,71,97] |
| 96 | alnusdiol | A. japonica, A. hirsuta | [35,71] |
| 97 | trideoxysasadanin-8-ene | A. hirsuta | [71] |
| 98 | alnusone | A. japonica, A. hirsuta, A. sieboldiana | [35,71,90,97] |
| 99 | 3,17-dihydroxy-tricyclo[12.3.1.1 2,6]-nonadeca-1(18),2,4,6(19),14, 16-hexaen-9,11-dione | A. sieboldiana | [97] |
| Polyphenols | |||
| 100 | 4,6-di-O-galloyl-d-glucose | A. japonica | [2,5] |
| 101 | 1,4-di-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose | A. japonica | [2,5] |
| 102 | 1,4,6-tri-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose | A. hirsuta | [2,36] |
| 103 | 1,2,6-tri-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose | A. hirsuta, A. sieboldiana | [2,36,37] |
| 104 | gentisic acid 5-O-β-d-(6′-O-galloyl) glucopyranoside | A. hirsuta | [2,36] |
| 105 | gemin D | A. japonica | [2,5] |
| 106 | tellimagrandin I | A. hirsuta, A. sieboldiana | [2,36,37] |
| 107 | strictinin | A. japonica, A. sieboldiana | [5,37] |
| 108 | 2,3-O-(S)-hexahydroxydiphenoyl-d-glucose | A. japonica, A. sieboldiana | [2,5] |
| 109 | pedunculagin | A. japonica, A. sieboldiana, A. hirsuta, A. glutinosa | [2,5,36,38,39] |
| 110 | 1(β)-O-galloylpendunculagin | A. japonica, A. sieboldiana | [2,37] |
| 111 | glutinoin | A. glutinosa | [38] |
| 112 | flosin A | A. japonica | [2,5] |
| 113 | 4,6-(S)-valoneoyl-d-glucose | A. japonica | [2,5] |
| 114 | praecoxin A | A. japonica, A. hirsuta | [2,5,36] |
| 115 | praecoxin D | A. glutinosa | [38] |
| 116 | alnusnins A | A. sieboldiana | [2,37] |
| 117 | alnusnins B | A. sieboldiana | [2,37] |
| 118 | alnusiin | A. sieboldiana | [2,39] |
| 119 | tergallin | A. sieboldiana | [37] |
| 120 | hirsunin | A. hirsuta | [2,36] |
| 121 | 1-desgalloylrugosin F | A. hirsuta | [2,36] |
| 122 | rugosin F | A. hirsuta | [2,36] |
| 123 | alnusjaponins A | A. japonica | [2,5] |
| 124 | alnusjaponins B | A. japonica | [2,5] |
| 125 | casuariin | A. sieboldiana | [2,39] |
| 126 | casuarinin | A. japonica, A. sieboldiana | [2,5,39] |
| 127 | stachyurin | A. japonica, A. sieboldiana | [2,5,37] |
| 128 | stenophyllanin A | A. sieboldiana | [2,37] |
| 129 | 4-hydroxy-2,6-dimethoxyphenyl-6′-O-syringoyl-β-d-glucopyranoside | A. firma | [2,41] |
| 130 | 4-hydroxy-2,6-dimethoxyphenyl-6′-O-vanilloyl-β-d-glucopyranoside | A. firma | [2,41] |
| 131 | 4-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl-6′-O-syringoyl-β-d-glucopyranoside | A. firma | [41] |
| 132 | 6′-O-vanilloylisotachioside | A. firma | [41] |
| 133 | methyl 3,4-dihydroxy-5-{[6-O-(3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamoyl) -β-d-glucopyranosyl]oxy}benzoate |
A. viridis | [42] |
| 134 | shikimic acid | A. japonica | [98] |
| 135 | 5-O-galloyl-(−)-shikimic acid | A. japonica | [2,5] |
| 136 | gallic acid | A. nepalensis, A. nitida | [8,99] |
| 137 | methyl gallate | A. sieboldiana | [100] |
| Flavonoids | |||
| 138 | chrysin | A. sieboldiana | [2,49] |
| 139 | apigenin | A. rubra, A. sieboldiana, A. rugosa | [2,44,46,48] |
| 140 | diosmetin | A. rugosa | [48] |
| 141 | acacetin | A. japonica, A. rubra, Alnus koehnei Call. | [2,6,44] |
| 142 | tectochrysin | A. sieboldiana | [2,49] |
| 143 | genkwanin | A. sinuata, A. glutinosa | [2,6,47] |
| 144 | 5,3′-dihydroxy-7,4′-dimethoxyflavone | A. japonica | [2,6] |
| 145 | rhamnazin | A. japonica | [2,6] |
| 146 | 5-hydroxy-6,7,8-tritmethoxyflavone | A. sieboldiana | [2,45,49] |
| 147 | salvigenin | A. japonica, A. rubra, A. koehnei | [2,6,44] |
| 148 | apigenin 7-β-cellobioside | A. sieboldiana | [46] |
| 149 | apigenin 4′-β-cellobioside | A. sieboldiana | [46] |
| 150 | 5-hydroxy-4′,7-dimethoxyflavone | A. japonica, A. acuminata, A. rubra | [2,6,43,44] |
| 151 | scutellarein-6,4′-dimethyl ether | A. japonica, A. rubra | [2,6,44] |
| 152 | luteolin | A. rugosa | [48] |
| 153 | luteolin 7-O-β-glucside | A. rugosa | [48] |
| 154 | galangin | A. sieboldiana, A. pendula, A. viridis | [2,50,54,100] |
| 155 | kaempferol | A. koehnei, A. sieboldiana | [6,46] |
| 156 | kaempferide | A. japonica, A. koehnei | [2,6] |
| 157 | quercetin | A. japonica, A. nepalensis, A. firma, A. formosana, A. sieboldiana | [2,8,91,100,101,102] |
| 158 | isorhamnetin | A. japonica, A. koehnei | [2,6] |
| 159 | alnusin | A. sieboldiana, A. pendula | [2,49,50] |
| 160 | the 6,4′-dimethyl ether of 6-hydroxykaempferol | A. koehnei | [2,6] |
| 161 | izalpinin | A. sieboldiana | [2,50] |
| 162 | rhamnetin | A. koehnei | [2,6] |
| 163 | quercetin-7,3′,4′-trimethyl ether | A. japonica, A. koehnei | [2,6] |
| 164 | galangin 3-methyl ether | A. viridis | [54] |
| 165 | quercetin-3,3′-dimethyl ether | A. koehnei | [2,6] |
| 166 | 3,6-dimethyl ether of 6-hydroxykaempferol | A. koehnei | [2,6] |
| 167 | 3,6,4′-trimethyl ether of 6-hydroxy-kaempferol | A. japonica, A. koehnei | [2,6] |
| 168 | quercetagetin-3,6,4′-trimethyl ether | A. koehnei | [2,6] |
| 169 | kumatakenin | Alnus crispa Pursh., Alnus sinuate Rydbg. | [2,6] |
| 170 | quercetin 3,7-dimethyl ether | A. crispa, A. koehnei, A. sinuata | [2,6] |
| 171 | quercetin-3,7,4′-trimethyl ether (ayanin) | A. crispa | [2,6] |
| 172 | 5-hydroxy-3,6,7-trimethoxyflavone | A. sieboldiana | [2,49] |
| 173 | quercetin-3-O-α-l-arabinofuranoside | A. firma | [2,52] |
| 174 | isoquercitrin | A. firma | [2,52,53] |
| 175 | quercetin-3-O-glucoside | A. formosana, A. nepalensis | [32,91] |
| 176 | quercitrin | A. firma, A. formosana, A. nepalensis, A. japonica | [2,8,28,52,91] |
| 177 | quercetin-3-O-β-d-glucuronide | A. sieboldiana | [2,37] |
| 178 | rutin | A. nitida | [99] |
| 179 | quercetin-3-β-cellobioside | A. sieboldiana | [46] |
| 180 | quercetin-3-β-maltoside | A, sieboldiana | [46] |
| 181 | kaempferol 3-O-rhamnoside | A. japonica, A. formosana | [28,91] |
| 182 | quercetin-3-O-galactoside | A. japonica, A. nepalensis | [8,28] |
| 183 | kaempferol-3-dirhamnoside | A. sieboldiana | [46] |
| 184 | quercetin-3-sophoroside | A. gultinosa, Alnus cordata Loisel. | [2,32] |
| 185 | myricetin-3-O-β-d-galactopyranoside | A. firma | [2] |
| 186 | rhamnetin-3-O-rhamnoside | A. formosana | [91] |
| 187 | isorhamnetin 3-O-β-glucoside | A. rugosa | [48] |
| 188 | isorhamnetin 3-β-O-glucoside-7-O-α-rhamnoside | A. rugosa | [48] |
| 189 | pinocembrin | A. sieboldiana, A. pendula, A. maximowiczii, A. firma | [50,52,53,100] |
| 190 | naringenin | A. sieboldiana | [2,49] |
| 191 | alpinetin | A. pendula, A. firma, A. sieboldiana | [2,49,50] |
| 192 | strobopinin | A. sieboldiana | [2,49] |
| 193 | pinostrobin | A. pendula, A. firma, A. sieboldiana | [2,49,50] |
| 194 | rhododendrin | A. glutinosa | [2,51] |
| 195 | pinobanksin | A. sieboldiana | [2,49] |
| 196 | alnustinol | A. maximowiczii, A. firma, A. sieboldiana, A. pendula | [2,49,50,53] |
| 197 | 3,5,8-trihydroxy-7-methoxyflavone | A. sieboldiana | [45] |
| 198 | (+)-catechin | A. firma, A. viridis | [2,42,52] |
| 199 | (−)-epicatechin | A. firma | [2,52] |
| 200 | 2′,4′-dihydroxy-6′-methoxychalcone | A. viridis | [54] |
| Terpenoids | |||
| 201 | 24-(E)-3-oxodammara-20 (21),24-dien-27-oic acid | A. nepalensis | [32] |
| 202 | mangiferonic acid | A. nepalensis | [8] |
| 203 | alnuserrutriol | A. serrulatoides | [2,55] |
| 204 | alnuserrudiolone | A. sieboldiana, A. serrulatoides | [2,55,103] |
| 205 | alnincanone | A. serrulatoides | [2,55] |
| 206 | alnuserol | A. serrulatoides | [2,55] |
| 207 | alnuseric acid | A. serrulatoides, A. pendula | [2,55,58,104] |
| 208 | alnuselide | A. serrulatoides | [2,55,58] |
| 209 | alnustic acid methyl ester | A. firma | [2,52] |
| 210 | methyl(24E)-3,4-secodammara-4(28),20,24-trien-26-oic acid-3-oate | A. japonica | [2,55] |
| 211 | (24E)-3,4-secodammara-4 (28),20,24-trien-3,26-dioic acid | A. japonica | [2,55] |
| 212 | (20S,24S)-20,24-dihydroxy-3,4-secodammara-4 (28),25-dien-3-oic acid | A. japonica | [2,55] |
| 213 | (23E)-(20S)-20,25-dihydroxy-3,4-secodammara-4 (28),23-dien-3-oic acid | A. japonica | [2,55] |
| 214 | (23E)-(20S)-20,25,26-trihydroxy-3,4-secodammara-4 (28),23-dien-3-oic acid | A. japonica | [2,55] |
| 215 | (23E)-(12R,20S)-12,20,25-trihydroxy-3,4-secodammara-4 (28),23-dien-3-oic acid | A. japonica | [2,55] |
| 216 | (20S)-20-hydroxy-24-methylene-3,4-secodammar-4 (28)-en-3-oic acid | A. pendula | [2,55] |
| 217 | alnustic acid | A. serrulatoides, A. pendula, A. sieboldiana | [2,7,55,103] |
| 218 | alnustic acid-12-O-β-d-xylopyranoside | A. serrulatoides, A. pendula, A. sieboldiana | [2,7,55,103] |
| 219 | alnustic acid-12-O-β-d-glucopyranoside | A. serrulatoides, A. pendula, A. sieboldiana | [2,7,55,103]] |
| 220 | alnustic acid-12-O-α-l-arabinofuranoside | A. serrulatoides, A. pendula, A. sieboldiana | [2,7,55,103] |
| 221 | alnustic acid-12-O-(2′-O-acetyl)-α-l-arabinofuranoside | A. serrulatoides, A. pendula | [2,7,55] |
| 222 | alnustic acid-12-O-(2′-O-acetyl)-β-d-xylopyranoside | A. serrulatoides, A. pendula | [2,7,55] |
| 223 | alnustic acid-12-O-(2′-O-acetyl)-β-d-glucopyranosid | A. serrulatoides, A. pendula | [2,7,55] |
| 224 | taraxeryl acetate | A. japonica, A. hirsuta, A. nepalensis, A. acuminata | [2,8,30,57,92] |
| 225 | taraxerol |
A. japonica, A. hirsuta, A. nepalensis, A. maximowiczii, A. acuminata, A. rubra |
[2,8,30,57,59] |
| 226 | taraxerone | A. japonica, A. rubra, A. nepalensis, A. glutinosa, A. acuminata | [2,56,57] |
| 227 | glutenone | A. japonica, A. rubra, A. fruticosa, A. kamtschatica | [2,72] |
| 228 | glutinol | A. japonica | [2,92] |
| 229 | β-amyrin | A. japonica, A. fruticosa, A. kamtschatica, A. firma, A. glutinosa | [2,52,56] |
| 230 | 3-O-acetyl-β-amyrin | A. japonica, A. firma | [2,52] |
| 231 | 3β-acetoxy-olean-12-ene-28-al | A. acuminata | [57] |
| 232 | δ-amyrone | A. acuminata | [43] |
| 233 | ursolic acid | A. glutinosa | [56] |
| 234 | uvaol | A. glutinosa | [56] |
| 235 | α-amyrin | A. fruticosa, A. kamtschatica | [2] |
| 236 | lupeol |
A. japonica, A. rubra, A. nepalensis, A. glutinosa, Alnus oregona Nutt., A. acuminata |
[2,12,56,57,104] |
| 237 | betulin |
A. hirsuta, A. rubra, A. nepalensis, A. japonica, A. glutinosa, A. maximowiczii, A. oregona |
[2,7,8,12,30,56,59,104] |
| 238 | betulone | A. incana | [105] |
| 239 | betulinic acid | A. japonica, A. hirsuta, A. nepalensis | [2,8,30,63] |
| 240 | 3β,28-dihydroxy-lup-20(29)-ene | A. acuminata | [57] |
| 241 | betulinic aldehyde | A. japonica, A. glutinosa, A. acuminata | [12,56,57] |
| 242 | 3-acetoxybetulinic aldehyde | A. japonica | [12] |
| 243 | lupenylacetate | A. glutinosa | [56] |
| 244 | lupenone | A. japonica, A. rubra, A. fruticosa, A. kamtschatica, A. glutinosa | [2,56] |
| 245 | lup-20(29)en-2,28-diol-3-yl caffeate | A. firma | [61] |
| 246 | 22-hydroxyhopan-3-one | A. nepalensis | [8] |
| 247 | 2-hydroxydiploterol | A. nepalensis | [8] |
| 248 | simiarenol | A. glutinosa | [56] |
| Steroids | |||
| 249 | β-sitosterol |
A. japonica, A. fruticosa, A. rubra, A. nepalensis, A. kamtschatica, A. firma, A. glutinosa, A. acuminata, A. rugosa |
[2,8,48,52,57,63,64,106] |
| 250 | β-sitosterol 3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside | A. japonica, A. nepalensis, A. acuminata, A. rugosa | [2,8,48,57,63,64] |
| 251 | β-rosasterol | A. nepalensis | [64] |
| 252 | stigmasterol | A. nepalensis | [64] |
| 253 | brassinolide | A. glutinosa | [62] |
| 254 | castasterone | A. glutinosa | [62] |
| Others | |||
| 255 | pinosylvin | A. sieboldiana, A. pendula | [2,49,50] |
| 256 | pinosylvin monomethyl ether | A. sieboldiana, A. pendula, A. maximowiczii | [2,49,50,53] |
| 257 | 4′,5′-dihydroxy-3′-methoxy stilbene | A. viridis | [65] |
| 258 | trans-stilbene | A. firma, A. sieboldiana | [2,49,96] |
| 259 | pinosylvin dimethyl ether | A. sieboldiana, A. maximowiczii | [2,49,53] |
| 260 | cryptomeridiol 11-O-monoacetate | A. maximowiczii | [2,53] |
| 261 | β-eudesmol acetate | A. maximowiczii | [2,53] |
| 262 | elemol acetate | A. maximowiczii | [2,53] |
| 263 | eugenol | A. pendula | [2,50] |
| 264 | chavicol | A. pendula | [2,50] |
| 265 | vanillin | A. nepalensis | [64] |
| 266 | protocatechuic acid | A. firma, A. formosana | [91,101] |
| 267 | p-coumaric acid | A. firma | [101] |
| 268 | caffeic acid | A. firma | [101] |
| 269 | vanilic acid | A. japonica | [66] |
| 270 | chlorogenic acid | A. firma | [101] |
| 271 | 2,3,4-trimethoxyphenanthrene | A. maximowiczii | [2,53] |
| 272 | physcion | A. nepalensis | [8] |
| 273 | secoisolariciresinol diferulate | A. japonica | [66] |