Table 1.

Summary of stimulation effect on tyrosinase, melanogenesis and other factors in cultured cells and pigmentation responsein animal of different plants.

Botanical Name	Extraction Parts	Solvents	Items Up-Regulated	Types of Cultured Cells	Related Signaling Pathway	Animal Experiments	Ref.
Daphne gnidium	Leaf	Ethyl acetate	Melanin, Tyrosinase activity	B16-F0	Ns a	Ns	[37]
Daphne gnidium	Leaf	Chloroform	Melanin, Tyrosinase activity	B16-F0	Ns	Ns	[38]
Moricandia arvensis	Leaf	Chloroform	Melanin, Tyrosinase activity	B16-F0	Ns	Ns	[39]
Polygonum multiflorum	Root	Water	MITF, Melanocyte migration	Human melanocytes	Ns	Ns	[40]
Eclipta Prostrate	Whole herb	Water	Melanin, Tyrosinase activity, MITF, Melanocyte migration	Human melanocytes	Ns	Ns	[40]
Rehmannia Glutinosa	Root	Water	Melanin, MITF	Human melanocytes	Ns	Ns	[40]
Cassia alata	Leaf	Nm b	Melanin, Tyrosinase activity, Dendritogenesis, Migration	Melb-a melanoblast	Ns	Ns	[41]
Cassia occidentalis	Leaf	Methanol	Melanin, Tyrosinase activity, Dendritogenesis, Migration	Melb-a melanoblast	Ns	Ns	[42]
Pyrostegia venusta	Leaf, Flower	Ethanol:Water (70:30, v/v)	Melanin	B16-F10	Ns	Ns	[43]
Pyrostegia venusta	Leaf	Ethanol:Water (70:30, v/v)	Epidermal melanin, Dermal pigmentation	-	Ns	C56BL/6 mice	[44]
Vernonia anthelmintica	Fruit	Ethanol:Water (60:40, v/v)	Melanin, Tyrosinase activity, Tyrosinase expression, p38 MAPK phosphorylation, MITF expression	B16-F10, Human melanocytes	p38 MAPK	Ns	[45]
Vernonia anthelmintica	Seed	Ethanol:Water (80:20, v/v)	TYR, TRP-1, TRP-2 and MITF expression	B16 murinemelanoma	Ns	Ns	[46]
Melissa officinalis	Whole herb	Nm	Melanin	Human keratinocytes	Ns	Ns	[49]
Melia azedarach	Nm	Ethanol:Water (70:30, v/v)	Melanin, TRP-1 expression	B16-F10	Ns	NS	[50]
Capparis spinosa	Nm	Nm	Melanin, Tyrosinase expression	B16 murinemelanoma	Ns	Ns	[51]
Erica multiflora	Nm	Nm	Melanin, Tyrosinase expression	B16 murine melanoma	Ns	Ns	[51]
Citrus paradisi, Citrus grandis, Fructus aurantii immaturus, Fructus aurantii	Rind	Ethyl acetate	Melanin, Tyrosinase expression	B16 murine melanoma	Ns	Ns	[52]

^a Ns means not studied; ^b Nm means not mentioned.