Table 2.

List of marine drugs in clinical trials.

Clinical Status	Compound Name	Marine Organism	Chemical Class	Disease Area	Mode of Action	Company or Institution	Refs.
Phase III	Plitidepsin	Tunicate	Depsipetide	Anti-cancer	Induces cell cycle arrest or apoptosis	PharmaMar	[76]
	Gemcitabine (GEM) (Gemzar)	Sponge	Nucleoside	Anti-cancer	Ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor Replaces cytidine during DNA replication	Eli Lilly and Company	[77]
Phase II	Glembatumumab vedotin	Mollusk	Antibody drug conjugate	Breast cancer and melanoma	Targets glycoprotein NMB (a protein overexpressed by multiple tumor types)	Celldex Therapeutics	[78]
	Elisidepsin	Mollusk	Depsipetide	Anti-cancer	Antineoplastic agent, modifiying lipids from cell membrane	PharmaMar	[79]
	PM1004	Nudibranch	Alkaloid	Anti-cancer	DNA-binding	PharmaMar	[80]
	Pseudopterosins	Soft coral	Diterpen glycoside	Wound healing	Eicosanoid metabolism	The Regents Of The University Of California	[81]
	IPL576,092 (Contignasterol derivative)	Sponge	Miscellaneous	Anti-inflammatory	Inhibition of leucocyte infiltration and hypersensitivity during allergy	Aventis Pharma	[82]
Phase I/II	PM-10450 (Zalypsis®)	Sponge	Alkaloid	Anti-cancer drug	Transcription inhibitor	PharmaMar	[83]
	Discodermolide	Sponge	Polyketide	Anti-cancer drug	Microtubule interfering agent	Novartis	[84]
Phase I	Bryostatin-1	Bryozoa	Polyketide	Anti-cancer drug	Protein kinase C	National Cancer Institute	[85]
	Pinatuzumab vedotin	Mollusk	Antibody drug conjugate	Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, leukemia	Apoptosis stimulant; Mitosis inhibitor and Tubulin inhibitor	Genentech, Inc.	[86]
	Tisotumab Vedotin (HuMax®-TF-ADC)	Mollusk	Antibody drug conjugate	Ovarian, endometrium, cervix and prostate cancer	Antineoplastic, Drug conjugate, Immunotoxin and monoclonal antibodies	Genmab and Seattle Genetics	[87]
	HT1286 (Hemiasterlin derivative)	Sponge	Tripeptide	Anti-cancer drug	Microtubule interfering agent	Wyeth	[84]
	LAF389 (Bengamide B derivative)	Sponge	Peptide	Anti-cancer drug	Methionine aminopeptidase inhibitor	Novartis	[84]
	Hemiasterlin (E7974)	Sponge	Tripeptide	Anti-cancer drug	Microtubule interfering agent	Eisai Inc.	[84]
	PM-060184	Sponge	Polyketide	Anti-cancer drug	Microtubule interfering agent	PharmaMar	[88]
	NVP-LAQ824 (Psammaplin derivative, Dacinostat)	Sponge	Miscellaneous	Anti-cancer drug	Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors or DNA methyltransferases (DNMT) inhibitor	Novartis Pharma	[89]