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. 2018 Aug 16;14(11):1943–1958. doi: 10.1080/15548627.2018.1493043

Figure 9.

Figure 9.

The proposed mechanism of autophagy-based unconventional secretion of PARK7 induced by 6-OHDA. The electrophilic 6-OHDA quinone formed from 6-OHDA lowers GSH levels and induces oxidative stress. Oxidative stress subsequently causes increase in AMP:ATP ratio and activates the AMPK-ULK1 pathway. This induces secretory autophagy, resulting in unconventional secretion of cytosolic PARK7.