Trehalose-induced FGF21, TFEB, and UCP1 mediate changes in hepatocyte metabolism. (A-C). Quantification of maximal respiration (A), basal OCR (B), and ATP production (C) in cells treated with or without trehalose (48 h) in the presence or absence of DMSO or the FGFR1-FGFR4 inhibitor, LY2874455, or after knockdown of UCP1, FGF21, or TFEB (n = 6–12 cell cultures per group). (D) Quantification of basal ECAR in the presence or absence of TFEB, FGF21, or UCP1 knockdown, or after LY2874455 treatment in AML12 hepatocytes. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, by Student’s T-test with Bonferroni-Dunn post-hoc correction for multiple tests. ns, not significant with p > 0.05 between bracketed groups.